Many spectrum sensing methods and dynamic access algorithms have been proposed to improve secondary users’ access opportunities. However, few of them have considered integrating the design of spectrum sensing and access algorithms together by taking into account the mutual influence between them. In this chapter, we focus on jointly analyzing the spectrum sensing and access problem. Due to their selfish nature, secondary users tend to act selfishly to access the channel without contributing to spectrum sensing. Moreover, they may employ out-of-equilibrium strategies because of the uncertainty of others’ strategies. To model the complicated interactions among secondary users, the joint spectrum sensing and access problem is formulated as an evolutionary game and the evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) that no one will deviate from is studied. Furthermore, a distributed learning algorithm for the secondary users to converge to the ESS is introduced. Simulation results shows that the system can quickly converge to the ESS and such an ESS is robust to the sudden unfavorable deviations of the selfish secondary users.