Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-8bljj Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-24T23:05:41.105Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Thirteen - The Herulian Invasion in Athens (A.D. 267)

The Archaeological Evidence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 September 2021

Sylvian Fachard
Affiliation:
University of Lausanne
Edward M. Harris
Affiliation:
University of Durham
Get access

Summary

Using the most up-to-date archaeological evidence, this chapter studies the sack of Athens by the Heruli in A.D. 267 and the city’s subsequent recovery.

Type
Chapter
Information
The Destruction of Cities in the Ancient Greek World
Integrating the Archaeological and Literary Evidence
, pp. 319 - 339
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alexandri, Ο. 1970. ArchDelt 25, B΄1 (1972), pp. 4091.Google Scholar
Baldini-Lippolis, I. 1995. “La monumentalizzazione tardoantica di Atene,” Ostraka 4, pp. 169190.Google Scholar
Bazzechi, E. 2014. “Il Ceramico in età tardoantica: sviluppo topografico e mutamenti funzionali,” in Gli Ateniesi e il loro modello di città (Thiasos Monografie 5), ed. Caliò, L. M., Lippolis, E. and Parisi, V., Rome, pp. 337420.Google Scholar
Bonini, P. 2006. La casa nella Grecia Romana: forme e funzioni dello spazio privato fra I e VI secolo, Rome.Google Scholar
Bouras, C. 2010. Βυζαντινή Αθήνα. 10ος-12ος αι. (Mouseio Benaki Suppl. 6), Athens.Google Scholar
Bouras, C. 2012. “Alaric in Athens,” Δελτίον της Χριστιανικής Αρχαιολογικής Εταιρείας 33, pp. 16.Google Scholar
Bouyia, P. 2005. ArchDelt 60, B΄1 (2013), pp. 7981.Google Scholar
Bouyia, P. 2008. “Ρωμαϊκά ιερά της Μητρός των θεών-Κυβέλης σε αθηναϊκές αστικές επαύλεις,” in Vlizos 2008, pp. 207227.Google Scholar
Briana, M. 2005. ArchDelt 60, B΄1 (2013), pp. 5256.Google Scholar
Camp, II, J. Mck. 2001. The Archaeology of Athens, New Haven and London.Google Scholar
Camp, J. M. 2004a. Η Αρχαία Αγορά της Αθήνας. Οι ανασκαφές στην καρδιά της κλασικής πόλης, Athens.Google Scholar
Camp, J. M. 2004b. Η Αγορά της Αρχαίας Αθήνας. Σύντομος Οδηγός, Athens.Google Scholar
Camp, J. M. 2007. “Excavations in the Athenian Agora: 2002–2007,” Hesperia 76, pp. 627663.Google Scholar
Camp, J. M. 2015. “Excavations in the Athenian Agora: 2008–2012,” Hesperia 84, pp. 467513.Google Scholar
Caruso, A. 2013. Akademia. Archeologia di una scuola filosofica ad Atene da Platone a Proclo (387 a.C–485 d.C.) (SATAA 6), Atene – Paestum.Google Scholar
Castrén, P. 1989. “The Post-Herulian revival of Athens,” in The Greek Renaissance in the Roman Empire. Papers of the 10th British Museum Classical Colloquium (BICS Suppl. 55), ed. Walker, S. and Cameron, A., London, pp. 4548.Google Scholar
Castrén, P. 1994. “General Aspects of Life in Post-Herulian Athens,” in Post-Herulian Athens. Aspects of Life and Culture in Athens. A.D. 267–529 (Papers and Monographs of the Finnish Institute Vol. 1), ed. Castrén, P., Helsinki, pp. 114.Google Scholar
Charami, C. 2013. “Ένα λουτρό της ύστερης αρχαιότητας στα ΝΑ του βράχου της Ακροπόλεως,” in Αρχαιολογικές συμβολές. Τόμος Β: Αττική. Α΄ και Γ΄ Εφορείες Προϊστορικών & Κλασικών Αρχαιοτήτων, ed. Oeconomou, S. and Dogka-Toli, M., Athens, pp. 323340.Google Scholar
Chioti, L. 2018. “Η επιδρομή των Ερούλων στην Αθήνα (267 μ.Χ.). Συμβολή στη μελέτη των επιπτώσεων της επιδρομής και της ανασυγκρότησης της πόλης έως τα τέλη του 4ου αιώνα” (diss. Univ. of Athens).Google Scholar
Dakoura-Vogiatzoglou, O. 2010. ArchDelt 65, B΄1 (2016), pp. 3840.Google Scholar
D’Amico, A. 2006. “Le terme dell’Olympieion di Atene,” ASAtene 84, pp. 689738.Google Scholar
Di Branco, M. 2006. La Città dei filosofi. Storia di Atene da Marco Aurelio a Giustiniano, Firenze.Google Scholar
Dontas, G. 1961–1962. “Ανασκαφή οικοπέδου Αγγελόπουλου,” ArchDelt 17, A΄ (1963), pp. 83100.Google Scholar
Eleutheratou, S. 2008. “Στοιχεία πολεοδομικής και οικιστικής οργάνωσης από το νότιο τμήμα της αρχαίας Αθήνας,” in Vlizos 2008, pp. 185205.Google Scholar
Eleutheratou, S. 2019. Μουσείο Ακρόπολης. Η ανασκαφή, Athens.Google Scholar
Fowden, G. 1988. “City and Mountain in Late Roman Attica,” JHS 108, pp. 4859.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frantz, A. 1965. “From Paganism to Christianity in the Temples of Athens,” DOP 19, pp. 185205.Google Scholar
Frantz, A. 1975. “Pagan Philosophers in Christian Athens,” PAPS 119, No. 1, pp. 2938.Google Scholar
Frantz, A. 1979. “Did Julian the Apostate rebuild the Parthenon?AJA 83, pp. 395401.Google Scholar
Frantz, A. 1988. Late Antiquity: Α.D. 267–700 (The Athenian Agora, Vol. 24), Princeton, New Jersey.Google Scholar
Grusková, J., and Martin, G. 2017. “Rückkehr zu den Thermopylen. Die Fortsetzung einer Erfolgsgeschichte in den neuen Fragmenten Dexipps von Athen,” in Das dritte Jahrhundert. Kontinuitäten, Brüche, Übergänge. Ergebnisse der Tagung der Mommsen-Gesellschaft, ed. Rühl, M. and Schubert, C., Stuttgart, pp. 267281.Google Scholar
Höpfner, W. 1970. “Magazinbau und Hallenstrasse im Pompeiongelände. Ein Vorbericht,” AM 85, pp. 270286.Google Scholar
Höpfner, W. 1976. Das Pompeion und seine Nachfolgerbauten. (Kerameikos. Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen 10), Berlin.Google Scholar
Johnson, S. 1983. Late Roman Fortifications, London.Google Scholar
Jones, C. P. “Further Fragments of Dexippus (2),” article on the author’s academia.edu website, available at: www.academia.edu/26199041/Further_Dexippus_2.Google Scholar
Kaldellis, A. 2013. Ο Βυζαντινός Παρθενώνας, Athens.Google Scholar
Kapetanopoulos, E. 1972. “The Family of Dexippos Herennios,” ArchEph 1972, pp. 133172.Google Scholar
Karivieri, A. 1996. The Athenian Lamp Industry in Late Antiquity. (Papers and Monographs of the Finnish Institute Vol. 5), Helsinki.Google Scholar
Kastriotis, P. 1914. “Τὸ ᾨδεῖον τοῦ Περικλέους καὶ ἀνασκαφαὶ κατὰ τὴν ΒΑ γωνίαν τῆς Ἀκροπόλεως,” ΑΕphem 1914, pp. 143166.Google Scholar
Katakis, S. 2007. “Τρία μικρασιατικά αγαλμάτια της ύστερης αρχαιότητας από τον Εθνικό Κήπο της Αθήνας. Μια πρώτη προσέγγιση,” in Ἀμύμονα ἔργα (Αρχαιογνωσία Vol.5), ed. Simantoni-Bournia, E., Laimou, A. A., Mendoni, L. G. and Kourou, N., Athens, pp. 389408.Google Scholar
Katakis, S. 2012. “Αγαλμάτια Δήμητρας και Κυβέλης των ύστερων ρωμαϊκών χρόνων από την Αθήνα,” in Κλασική παράδοση και νεωτερικά στοιχεία στην πλαστική της ρωμαϊκής Ελλάδας. Proceedings of International Congress, ed. Stefanidou-Tiveriou, T., Karanastasi, P. and Damaskos, D., Thessalonica, pp. 99114.Google Scholar
Korres, Μ. 2012. “Το Ωδείον Ηρώδου του Αττικού και το ζήτημα της γιγάντιας στέγης,” Anthemion 23, pp. 1116.Google Scholar
Korres, Μ. 2014. Η στέγη του Ηρωδείου και άλλες γιγαντιαίες γεφυρώσεις. Athens.Google Scholar
Koumanoudis, S. 1877. Prakt 1877, pp. 430.Google Scholar
Kouveli, Α. 2010. “Υστερορωμαϊκή και παλαιοχριστιανική κεραμική από το Φρέαρ 114 της «Οικίας Α΄» του οικοπέδου Μακρυγιάννη στην Αθήνα,” in Κεραμική της ύστερης αρχαιότητας από τον Ελλαδικό Χώρο (3ος -7ος αι. μ.Χ.). Επιστημονική συνάντηση, ed. Papanikola-Bakirtzi, D. and Koussoulakou, D., Thessaloniki, pp. 610632.Google Scholar
Knigge, U. 1990. Ο Κεραμεικός της Αθήνας. Ιστορία – Μνημεία – Ανασκαφές, Athens.Google Scholar
Kübler, Κ. 1928. “Mitteilungen aus dem Kerameikos IV. Vorbericht über die beiden Hauptgebäude zwischen Dipylon und Eridanos und ihre späte Überbauung,” ΑΜ 53, pp. 169183.Google Scholar
Lambrinou, L. 2015. “Η υστερορρωμαϊκή επισκευή του Παρθενώνα και τα χρησιμοποιηθέντα σε αυτήν ελληνιστικά στωικά κτήρια.” (diss. Univ. of Athens).Google Scholar
Lesk, A. L. 2005. “A Diachronic Examination of the Erechteion and Its Reception” (diss. Univ. of Cincinnati).Google Scholar
Lygouri-Tolia, E. 1990. ArchDelt 45, B΄1 (1995), pp. 3741.Google Scholar
Lygouri-Tolia, E. 2002. “Excavating an Ancient Palaestra in Athens,” in Excavating Classical Culture. Recent Archeological Discoveries in Greece, ed. Stamatopoulou, M. and Yeroulanou, M., Oxford, pp. 203212.Google Scholar
Mallan, C., and Davenport, C. 2015. “Dexippus and the Gothic Invasions: Interpreting the New Vienna Fragment (Codex Vindobonensis Hist. gr. 73, ff. 192v-193r),” JRS 105, pp. 203226.Google Scholar
Martin, G. 2006. Dexipp von Athen. Edition, Übersetzung und begleitende Studien, Tübingen.Google Scholar
Martin, G. and Grusková, J. 2014. “‘Scythica Vindobonensia’ by Dexippus(?): New Fragments on Decius’ Gothic Wars,” GRBS 54, pp. 728754.Google Scholar
Mattusch, C. 1977. “Bronze- and Ironworking in the Area of the Athenian Agora,” Hesperia 46, pp. 340379.Google Scholar
McAllister, M. H. 1959. “The Temple of Ares at Athens: A Review of the Evidence,” Hesperia 28, pp. 164.Google Scholar
Mecella, L. 2013. Dexippo di Atene. Testimonianze e frammenti, Rome.Google Scholar
Melfi, M. 2007. I Santuari di Asclepio in Grecia, Rome.Google Scholar
Meliadis, J. 1955. “Ανασκαφαί Νοτίως της Ακροπόλεως. Πρώτη προσωρινή έκθεσις,” Prakt 1955, pp. 3652.Google Scholar
Meliadis, J. 1957. “Ανασκαφή Νοτίως της Ακροπόλεως,” Prakt 1957, pp. 2326.Google Scholar
Miles, M. M. 1998. The City Eleusinion (The Athenian Agora, Vol. 31), Princeton, New Jersey.Google Scholar
Millar, F. 1969. “P. Herennius Dexippus: The Greek World and the Third-Century Invasions,” JRS 59, pp. 1229.Google Scholar
Palagia, O. 2019. “The Gold and Ivory Cult Statues of Pheidias in Athens and Olympia,” in Handbook of Greek Sculpture, ed. Palagia, O., Berlin/Boston, pp. 328359.Google Scholar
Palaiokrassa, L. 1989. “Ανασκαφή Μακρυγιάννη – Ανασκαφική περίοδος 1986,” Archaiognosia 4, pp. 141147.Google Scholar
Papaefthimiou, V. 2009. “Recent excavations at the Asklepieion of Athens,” in Il Culto di Asclepio nell’ Area Mediterranea. Atti del Convegnio Internazionale, ed. De Miro, E., Sfameni Gasparo, G. and Calì, V., Rome, pp. 7989.Google Scholar
Papanikolaou, A. 2012. Η Αποκατάσταση του Ερεχθείου (1979–1987). Η απόδοση του έργου, Athens.Google Scholar
Papapostolou, Ι. Α. 1969. ArchDelt 24, B΄1 (1970), pp. 2324.Google Scholar
Parlama, L., and Stampolidis, N., ed. 2000. Η πόλη κάτω από την πόλη. Ευρήματα από τις ανασκαφές του Μητροπολιτικού Σιδηροδρόμου των Αθηνών (Exhibition catalogue, Museum of Cycladic Art 2000), Athens.Google Scholar
Philadelpheus, A. 1921. “Ανασκαφή παρά το Λυσικράτειον μνημείον,” ΑΕphem 1921, pp. 8398.Google Scholar
Pittakis, K. 1858. “Περὶ Θεάτρου Ἡρώδου τοῦ Αττικοῦ,” AEphem 1858, pp. 17071714.Google Scholar
Platon, Ν. 1965. ArchDelt 20, B΄1 (1967), pp. 2137.Google Scholar
Ross-Holloway, R. R. 1966. “Exploration of the Southeast Stoa in the Athenian Agora,” Hesperia 35, pp. 7985.Google Scholar
Rotroff, S. Ι. 1996. “Pnyx III: Pottery and Stratigraphy,” in The Pnyx in the History of Athens. Colloquium by the Finnish Institute at Athens (Papers and Monographs of the Finnish Institute at Athens Vol. 2.), ed. Forsén, B. and Stanton, Gr, Athens, pp. 3544.Google Scholar
Rügler, A. 1990. “Die Datierung der “Hallenstrasse” und des “Festtores” im Kerameikos und Alarichs Besetzung Athens,” AM 105, pp. 279294.Google Scholar
Servetopoulou, E. 2009. ArchDelt 64, B΄1 (2014), pp. 8690.Google Scholar
Shear, T. L. 1936. “The Campaign of 1935,” Hesperia 5, pp. 142.Google Scholar
Shear, T. L. 1937. “The Campaign of 1936,” Hesperia 6, pp. 333381.Google Scholar
Shear, T. L. 1938. “The Campaign of 1937,” Hesperia 7, pp. 311362.Google Scholar
Shear, T. L. 1940. “The Campaign of 1939,” Hesperia 9, pp. 261308.Google Scholar
ShearJr, T. L. 1969. “The Athenian Agora: Excavations of 1968,” Hesperia 38, pp. 382417.Google Scholar
ShearJr, T. L. 1973. “The Athenian Agora: Excavations of 1971,” Hesperia 42, pp. 121179.Google Scholar
ShearJr, T. L. 1973. “The Athenian Agora: Excavations of 1972,” Hesperia 42, pp. 359407.Google Scholar
ShearJr, T. L. 1981. “Athens: From City-State to Provincial Town,” Hesperia 50, pp. 356377.Google Scholar
ShearJr, T. L. 1997. “The Athenian Agora: Excavations of 1989–1993”. Hesperia 66, pp. 495548.Google Scholar
Sironen, E. 1994. “Life and Administration of Late Roman Attica in the Light of Public Inscriptions” in Post-Herulian Athens. Aspects of Life and Culture in Athens. A.D. 267–529 (Papers and Monographs of the Finnish Institute Vol. 1), ed. Castrén, P., Helsinki, pp. 1562.Google Scholar
Sironen, E. 1997. Late Roman and Early Byzantine Inscriptions of Athens and Attica, Helsinki.Google Scholar
Sourlas, D. 2008. “Νεότερα στοιχεία για τη Ρωμαϊκή Αγορά της Αθήνας,” in Vlizos 2008, pp. 99114.Google Scholar
Sourlas, D. 2012. “L’agora romaine d’Athènes. Utilisation, fonctions et organisation intérieure,” in Tout vendre, tout acheter. Structures et équipements des marchés antiques. Actes du colloque d’Athènes, ed. Chankowski, V. and Karvonis, P., Bordeaux – Athènes, pp. 119138.Google Scholar
Spathari, Ε., and Chatzioti, M.. 1983. ArchDelt 38, B΄1 (1989), pp. 2325.Google Scholar
Spetsieri-Choremi, Α. 2005. ArchDelt 60, B΄1 (2013), pp. 6164.Google Scholar
Stefanidou-Tiveriou, T. 1993. Τραπεζοφόρα με πλαστική διακόσμηση. Η αττική ομάδα, Athens.Google Scholar
Stroszeck, J. 2014. Der Kerameikos in Athen. Geschichte, Bauten und Denkmäler im archäologischen Park, Athens.Google Scholar
Theocharaki, A. M. 2011. “The Ancient Circuit Wall of Athens. Its Changing Course and the Phases of Construction,” Hesperia 80, pp. 71156.Google Scholar
Theocharaki, A. M. 2015. Τα Αρχαία Τείχη των Αθηνών, Athens.Google Scholar
Thompson, H. A. 1937. “Buildings on the West Side of the Agora,” Hesperia 6, pp. 1226.Google Scholar
Thompson, H. A. 1940. The Tholos of Athens and Its Predecessors (Hesperia Suppl. 4), Baltimore.Google Scholar
Thompson, H. A. 1948. “The Excavation of the Athenian Agora. Twelfth Season: 1947,” Hesperia 17, pp. 149196.Google Scholar
Thompson, H. A. 1949. “The Pedimental Sculpture of the Hephaisteion,” Hesperia 18, pp. 230268.Google Scholar
Thompson, H. A. 1950. “The Odeion in the Athenian Agora,” Hesperia 19, pp. 31141.Google Scholar
Thompson, H. A. 1950. “Excavations in the Athenian Agora: 1949,” Hesperia 19, pp. 313337.Google Scholar
Thompson, H. A. 1952. “Excavations in the Athenian Agora: 1951,” Hesperia 21, pp. 83113.Google Scholar
Thompson, H. A. 1954. “Excavations in the Athenian Agora: 1953,” Hesperia 23, pp. 3167.Google Scholar
Thompson, H. A. 1957. “Activities in the Athenian Agora: 1956,” Hesperia 26, pp. 99107.Google Scholar
Thompson, H. A. 1959a. “Activities in the Athenian Agora: 1958,” Hesperia 28, pp. 91108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, H. A. 1959b. “Athenian Twilight: A.D. 267–600,” JRS 49, pp. 6172.Google Scholar
Thompson, H. A. 1960. “Activities in the Athenian Agora: 1959,” Hesperia 29, pp. 327368.Google Scholar
Thompson, H. A., and Wycherley, R. E. 1972. The Agora of Athens: The History, Shape and Uses of an Ancient City Center. (The Athenian Agora, Vol. 14), Princeton, New Jersey.Google Scholar
Travlos, J. 1951. “Ἀνασκαφαὶ ἐν τῷ Διονυσιακῷ Θεάτρῳ,” Prakt 1951, pp. 4152.Google Scholar
Travlos, J. 1971. Pictorial Dictionary of Ancient Athens, New York.Google Scholar
Travlos, J. 1973. “ Ἠ πυρπόλυσις τοῦ Παρθενῶνος ὑπό τῶν Ἑρούλων καὶ ἡ ἐπισκευή του κατά τούς χρόνους τοῦ αὐτοκράτορος Ἰουλιανοῦ,” AEphem 1973, pp. 218236.Google Scholar
Travlos, J. 1988. “The Post-Herulian Wall,” in Late Antiquity: Α.D. 267–700 (The Athenian Agora, vol. 24), ed. Frantz, A., Princeton, New Jersey, pp. 125141.Google Scholar
Tsogka, C. 2013. “Νέα στοιχεία από τη σωστική ανασκαφική έρευνα της Α΄ Εφορείας στην Αρχαία Αγορά της Αθήνας: Το δυτικό τμήμα,” in Αρχαιολογικές συμβολές. Τόμος Β: Αττική. Α΄ και Γ΄ Εφορείες Προϊστορικών & Κλασικών Αρχαιοτήτων, ed. Oeconomou, S. and Dogka-Toli, M., Athens, pp. 111127.Google Scholar
Tsoniotis, N. 2008. “Νέα Στοιχεία για το Υστερορωμαϊκό Τείχος της Αθήνας,” in Vlizos 2008, pp. 185205.Google Scholar
Tsoniotis, N. 2016. “The Benizeli Mansion Excavation: Latest Evidence on the Post-Herulian Fortification Wall in Athens,” in Focus on Fortifications. New Research on Fortifications in the Ancient Mediterranean and the Near East (Monographs of the Danish Institute at Athens Vol. 18), ed. Frederiksen, R., Müth, S., Schneider, P. I. and Schnelle, M., Oxford and Philadelphia, pp. 712722.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vlizos, S. E. 2008. Αθήνα κατά τη Ρωμαϊκή Εποχή. Πρόσφατες ανακαλύψεις, νέες έρευνες (Mouseio Benaki Suppl. 4), Athens.Google Scholar
Wilson, G. E. 1971. “The Herulian sack of Athens. A.D. 267” (diss. Univ. of Washington).Google Scholar
Young, R. S. 1951. “An Industrial District of Ancient Athens,” Hesperia 20, pp. 135288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zachariadou, O. 2000a. “Φρέαρ Ζαππείου,” in Parlama Stampolidis 2000, pp. 132137.Google Scholar
Zachariadou, O. 2000b. “Σταθμός Σύνταγμα,” in Parlama and Stampolidis 2000, pp. 148161.Google Scholar
Zachariadou, O. 2000c. “Φρέαρ Ηρώδου Αττικού,” in Parlama and Stampolidis 2000, pp. 191195.Google Scholar
Zachariadou, O. 2006. “Κεραμικά εργαστήρια έξω από τις Αχαρνικές Πύλες,” in Γενέθλιον. Αναμνηστικός τόμος για τη συμπλήρωση είκοσι χρόνων λειτουργίας του Μουσείου Κυκλαδικής Τέχνης, ed. Stampolidis, N., Athens, pp. 315323.Google Scholar
Zachariadou, O. 2008. “Η ανατολική περιοχή της Αθήνας κατά τη ρωμαϊκή περίοδο,” in Vlizos 2008, pp. 185205.Google Scholar
Zachariadou, O., and Kavvadias, G. 1998. ArchDelt 53, B΄1 (2004), pp. 5458.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×