This book was originally published in Chinese in October, 2014 right before the Fourth Plenum Meeting of the Eighteenth CPC National Congress, where the Party issued a decision on Several Important Issues on a Comprehensive Framework for Promoting the Rule of Law – a decision that had solicited the input from a group of legal experts prior to its public announcement. Arguably to a certain extent, this book, with its content, the discussions, and debates thus stirred, as well as book events and conferences organized thereof, has been an expression par excellence of a modern rule-of-law positionality, as it attempts to exert some positive influence on the direction of development for institutional reform in China. This is a target, the accomplishment of which requires that it tailors its accessibility (e.g., the length originally planned for this book and the level of complexity in its style of argumentation) to the need of such nonlegal professionals as policy-makers, government cadres, and the general public. What has remained unexplored, unelaborated, or unexplained now goes into the pages of this English version, presenting to the English-speaking audience a fuller, more nuanced, and greater detailed epistemic profile. The chapters have been expanded to incorporate more arguments, resulting in the change of the style of argumentation, thus demanding a few more words for the purpose of clarification.