When in late 82 BC, Sulla adopted the surname Felix as the first Roman ever, he claimed to be a bearer of felicitas—good fortune—in a way hitherto unheard of in Roman history. This chapter will argue that most Romans felt an enormous tension between this claim and Sulla’s responsibility for the death of 100,000 fellow citizens during the civil war of 83/82 BC, let alone his orders to assassinate another 40,000 Romans in the months after the battle at the Colline Gate. This chapter will show that the idea of felicitas conveyed much more than divine favor bestowed upon a victorious general; felicitas had a strong social dimension due to its close ties to the concept of salus rei publicae—the public good of the Romans. This explains why ancient sources from the Late Republic and the early Imperial Period strongly dispute Sulla’s claim to be Felix.