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1 - Overview of Models of Cognitive Aging

from Part I - Models of Cognitive Aging

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 May 2020

By
Nancy A. Dennis ,
Angela Gutchess  and
Ayanna K. Thomas
Edited by
Ayanna K. Thomas  and
Angela Gutchess
Ayanna K. Thomas
Affiliation:
Tufts University, Massachusetts
Angela Gutchess
Affiliation:
Brandeis University, Massachusetts
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Summary

This chapter reviews major theories of cognitive aging. Theories such as the sensory deficit hypothesis, speed of processing, and inhibitory deficit hypothesis are based largely on behavioral findings and focus on a single process that is purported to account for a number of cognitive changes with age. Specific to memory, theories focus on age deficits in recollection and binding. Over the past twenty-five years, brain-based models have begun to pervade the literature. These have focused on concepts such as compensation, dedifferentiation, and suppression of the default mode network. The scaffolding theory of aging and cognition integrates many of these concepts into a single comprehensive model, including consideration of enrichment and depletion factors that operate over the life span. We conclude the chapter with some debates, critiques, and consideration of future directions, particularly considering the contributions of cognitive neuroscience methods.

Keywords

compensationspeed of processingmemoryinhibitiondomain-generalsensory deficitsself-initiated processingSTACdedifferentiationdefault mode networkDECHA
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Handbook of Cognitive Aging
A Life Course Perspective
 , pp. 5 - 31
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

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