Chapter 9 takes up artificial intelligence (AI) and ethics. Beginning in Ancient Greece with the first autonomous machines, this chapter presents a brief history of AI. It then examines excessively ambitious expectations in the twentieth century for the potential for AI and the adverse consequences for research funding that resulted, now dubbed the “AI Winter.” New technologies, especially those with the elevated expectations of AI, often draw a lot of positive speculation, some of it misplaced. The chapter also reviews technologies that were explored in developing AI, such as logic, symbol manipulation, problem solving, expert systems and machine learning based largely on artificial neural networks. It also examines “adversarial attacks” in which very slight changes in an input can change the classification of an image. The applications of AI technologies to robots are discussed and caveats issued for their use. These include ethical issues that arise with the use of lethal autonomous weapons systems. The chapter closes with a discussion of the application of AI technologies to cybersecurity.