Index

Voula Tsouna

doi:10.1017/9781009036610.015

Index

adversative nature of arguments, 30

aidôs. See shame, sense of

Alcibiades, 58, 89

Alcibiades’, 61, 71

ambiguity

ambiguous portraits of Critias and Charmides, 10–13, 51, 70, 291–299

Charmides’ character, description of, 10–11, 83

Charmides’ malady, surrounding, 70–71

Critias’ character, description of, 11–12, 297

Critias’ speech, 168

dialogue, in, 2, 10, 14, 15, 85, 163

philosophical content of dialogue, in, 14–15

Pythian oracle, sayings of, 261

Aphrodite, 75

Apollo, 4, 77

Apology. See under Socrates

aporia, perplexity, 32, 72, 80, 98, 193, 197, 234, 238, 276

aporiai, puzzles, 192

architectonic knowledge, 15

Argument from Benefit, 236–272, 317–323

dream, fictional society of the, 258–263

importance of, 39–40

stage 1, 238–243, 317

stage 2, 243–251, 318–319

stage 3, 251–257, 319–320

stage 4, 257–263, 320–321

stage 5, 263–272, 322–323

Argument from Relatives, 36, 44, 175, 194, 196–235, 315–317

constitutive relativity, 199, 209

perceptual relatives, 200–206

hearing and sight, 222–224

philosophical importance of, 197

psychological relatives irreducible to perception, 206–219

desire, 209–210

erotic love, 211–214

fear, 216

opinion, 216–219

rational wish, 210–211

quantitative relatives, 220–222

reflexivity, strict reflexivity, 38, 198

Socrates’ provisional conclusions, 224–229

structure of, 199

Aristotle, 7, 177, 197, 229

Athens, 7

Athenian way of life, 7–8

Critias purging, 18

defeated by Spartan coalition/loss of way of life, 8–9

democracy. See democracy

engagement with polis hallmark of Athenian vitality, 136

the Thirty. See Thirty, the

behaviour, 13, 31

Athenian aristocracy, 128

Athenian youths, 109

temperance, and, 18, 108

virtue, 31

belief. See opinion

best method of enquiry, 27, 33, 42, 98–106, 108, 125, 126, 218, 305

Charmides abandoning best method, 135–143, 308–309

Callaeschrus, 2, 300, 316

Carone, Gabriela Roxana

approach to Charmides, 22

Chaerephon

Charmides’ beauty, 113

indiscretion and vulgarity, 69

interest in Charmides tainted by sensuality, 68

manic nature of, 59, 62, 65, 300

Potidaea battle, discussing, 58, 59, 300

Socrates, acquainted with, 2, 13

viewing Charmides as object of desire, 65–67, 301

Charmides, 2

abandoning best method, 135–143, 308–309

ambiguity in description of character, 10–11

choosing to sit between Socrates and Critias, 71–72

conservative values, 18

Critias’ right-hand man in the Thirty, 295

Critias, and. See under Critias

disgrace and death, 9

eulogy of Charmides’ house by Socrates, 93–98

final scene, 324–325

in praise of, 93–98

installing tyranny in Piraeus, 9

morning headaches, cure for, 2–3, 70–71, 77–83

most poetic youth, as, 62–69

nature and physical appearance, 2, 8, 10–11, 62–67, 73–74, 100

adorned with beauty, 113

even more beautiful when blushing, 113

object of desire, as, 65–67

passivity of, 66–67

poetry, and, 68–69

Socrates’ last address to, 286–290, 324

statue, comparisons with, 63, 64–65, 66–67, 113, 301

temperance

first definition as quietness, 3, 107–123, 305–307

second definition as sense of shame, 3, 124–134, 307–308

third definition as ‘doing one’s own’, 3, 135–143, 308–309

violating ‘best method’ by advancing belief derived from external source, 137–139

cognitive elitism, 11, 18, 20, 43, 52

courage, 61, 125, 127, 164

fear, and, 215, 216

Laches. See Laches

temperance, and, 125

war, in, 7

wisdom, as, 161

Critias, 60

Charmides as Critias’ cousin and ward, 2, 8, 99

Charmides as right-hand man in the Thirty, 295

Charmides’ beauty, susceptible to, 212–213

Charmides notable for wisdom and beauty, 2

cognitive elitism, endorsing, 18, 20

conception of political rule in Charmides, 18

debating technê analogy with Socrates, 170–186, 312–314

definition of temperance, inadequacy of, 5–7

disgrace and death, 9

epistemic arrogance, 18

final scene, 324–325

ideology of political elitism, 137, 260

interpretation of Delphic inscription, 159–169, 311–312

‘knowing oneself’, 159–169, 183, 311–312

‘science of science’, and, 273

mature and experienced, 3

military junta (the Thirty) headed by, 9, 18

murderous ‘purges’, 18

nature and personality, 8, 11–12

readiness to use force, 12

self-knowledge, conception of, 25–27

Socrates’ own spokesman, choice of Critias as, 16

sôphrosynê or temperance, Critias’ definitions of

‘doing one’s own’, as, 3, 37, 135, 152, 157

‘doing or making of good things’, as, 144–158, 262, 309–311

self-knowledge or knowing oneself, as, 4, 25–27, 159–169, 183, 311–312. See also knowing oneself; self-knowledge

‘science of itself and the other sciences’, as, 38, 170–186, 187–195

‘science of science’, as, 38, 187–188, 192, 323

‘science of itself and the other sciences and the absence of science (or ‘and lack of science’ or ‘and non-science’)’, 44, 56, 229, 237, 314–315

Crito, 31, 40, 41

Cydias, 72, 75, 76, 215

Delphic oracle, 4, 24, 162

Critias’ interpretation of Delphic inscription, 159–169, 311–312

Delphic inscription ‘Know Thyself’, 16, 24, 25, 41, 160, 162, 164, 165, 311–312

no man wiser than Socrates, 24, 162, 188

democracy, 42

abolished in Athens, 9

engagement with the polis, 136

ideological debate in Athens, 136

restored in Athens, 9

Socrates supporting democratic relations in Athens, 20

Solon’s laws as foundation of, 95

desire, 209–210

Diagoras, 166

dialegesthai, dialectical debate, 12, 29, 68, 69, 70, 93

dialogue

ambiguity in. See ambiguity

Charmides as dialogue of definition, 29–31

deliberately open-ended and ambiguous, 2

doctors, 216, 247–250, 256

‘good doctors’, 79–83

doctors of Zalmoxis, 83–93

holism of ‘good doctors’, 79–83

‘doing one’s own’

benefiting others as well as oneself, 152

citizens doing appropriate work for the good of the whole, as, 142–143

doing deeds or making things that are good, as, 153–154

experts, activities of, 140–141, 142

good deeds, as, 30, 149

intellectual superiority to the many, 137

justice, and, 37, 44, 142

making one’s own things differs from doing one’s own deeds, 149

political ideal, as expression of, 137

riddle, as, 140

temperance, as, 3, 11, 16, 18, 27, 28, 30, 37, 44, 50, 55, 135–143, 145, 146, 157, 308–309

temperance as ‘doing one’s own’ not making one’s own, 148–149

temperance as not ‘doing one’s own’, 147

unintrusive quietness, as, 136

‘doing or making of good things’, 3–4, 16, 144–158, 159, 309–311

dream, fictional society of the, 257–263, 271–272

Dropides, 95, 304

Epicurus, 167

epistêmê epistêmês. See ‘science of science’ under science

epistêmê’. See science

erotic love, 211–214

Euthydemus, 15, 21, 30, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, 174

Euthyphro, 14, 29, 30, 31–32, 40, 41, 42, 138

fear, 199, 207, 209, 212, 215, 216

final scene, 290–299

formal features of debate, 30

gods, 75, 167–168

divine wisdom, 25

gaining goodwill of, 261

justice as service to, 32

limits between gods and humans, 75

moral wisdom, 25

obeying commands of, 25, 163

perfect knowledge of virtue and value, 163

good and evil, 266–269, 271

happiness, and, 267, 271

science of, 6–7, 44, 54

‘science of science’ ruling, 269–270

temperance as knowledge of, 266

Gorgias, 29, 30, 31, 40, 41, 210, 211

hearing, 200–206, 222–224

Herodotus, 84

Zalmoxis, 84–86

Hesiod, 3, 163

Works and Days, 150–151

Hippias, 50

historical subtext, 7–9

holism

bodily holism, 79–83

psycho-physical holism, 37

psychosomatic holism, 83–93

Homer, 75, 130, 131–134, 307

Homer’s, 239

honour, 133, 209, 210

honourable deeds or works, 150

love of, 131, 142, 143, 145, 157, 239

Hyland, Drew

approach to Charmides, 18–19

Virtue of Philosophy, 18–19

intertextuality, 2, 40–51, 209, 259

justice, 15, 29, 37, 44, 136, 181

advantage of the stronger, 182

‘doing one’s own’, and, 44, 142

piety, and, 42, 138

politics, 246, 247

service to the gods, 32

virtue, and, 114

Kahn, Charles

approach to Charmides, 21–22

knowing oneself

‘knowledge of oneself’ to ‘knowledge of itself’, 312–314

temperance, and, 311–312

temperance, as, 159–169

knowledge. See science

knowledge of knowledge. See ‘science of science’ under science

Laches, 14, 21, 29, 31, 40, 41, 61, 161

behaviour, 31

courage, 14, 29, 30, 31, 32, 114, 161, 162, 215

Lampert, Laurence

approach to Charmides, 20–21

Laws, 40, 211

Leon of Salamis, 296

love, 199, 207, 208, 221, 227, 315

beauty, and, 60, 63–64

erotic love, 211–214

erotic passion, 74–76

honour, love of, 131, 142, 143, 145, 157, 239

‘love of itself and the other loves’, 211–212

Lysis, 21, 30, 40

Meno, 29, 30, 40, 42, 174, 218, 286

virtue, 31, 32

method and form, 30–31

methodology, 33–36

modesty. See shame, sense of

morning headaches, cure for, 76–79

nature and purpose of Charmides, debate on, 1

Notomi, Noburu

interpretation of Charmides, 18

Odyssey, 131, 133, 259

opinion, 199, 207, 212, 216–219, 315

objects of, 202, 208

respect for opinions of others, 128

Parmenides, 40, 98, 233–234

Peloponnesian war, 7

Pericles, 7, 81

Funeral Oration, 7, 9

perplexity. See aporia, perplexity

Phaedo, 39, 89, 126, 130

Phaedrus, 40, 81–82, 89, 191, 213, 233

Philosopher-King, 43, 44, 54

philosophical importance of Charmides, 36–40

piety, 15, 29, 32, 42, 138

Plato

architectonic knowledge, 15

architectonic knowledge, ideal of, 44

Critias and Charmides, relationship with, 9

death and disgrace of Critias and Charmides, impact of, 9

Euthyphro, 14

Form of the Good, 22, 43, 45

interchangeable use of ‘technê’ and ‘epistêmê’, 172

political philosophy, 18

protagonists of Charmides determined by quasi-biographical motives, 9–10

reasons for writing Charmides, 51–54

theory of Forms, 39, 97, 103, 233

theory of Recollection, 103–104

Potidaea, battle of, 2, 57, 58, 59

Prodicus, 50, 153, 166, 198, 299, 310

prologue, 300–305

protagonists of Charmides, 9–17

ambiguity in philosophical content of dialogue, 14–15

ambiguous portraits of Critias and Charmides, 10–13

architectonic knowledge, 15

characters of protagonists, views about, 15–16

determined by quasi-biographical motives, 9–10

Socrates’ double role, 13

Socrates’ portrait, unique nature of, 13–14

structure of Charmides, 16–17

Protagoras, 30, 40, 42, 174, 210

psychosomatic holism, 83–93. See also holism

Pyrilampes, 9, 93, 95–96, 304

Pythagoras, 85, 97

questioners, responsibility of, 35

quietness

citizens, of, 136

temperance, as, 3, 37, 107–123, 256, 305–307

rational wish or will, 209, 210–211

reflexivity, strict reflexivity, 5, 36–39, 48, 190, 193, 198, 199, 212, 217, 221, 227, 244, 250, 277

Argument from Relatives, 196–235

‘science of science’, and, 6, 38, 39, 48, 250

temperance as strictly reflexive science, 26, 36, 39, 43

temperance, and, 267

Republic, 18, 29, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, 63, 104, 142–143, 158, 181, 182, 216, 218, 219, 252, 256, 259, 286

justice, 37, 44, 142

rival lines of interpretation, 17–23

advancement of ‘interrogative stance’, 19

Charles Kahn, 21–22

Drew Hyland, 18–19

Gabriela Roxana Carone, 22

Harold Tarrant, 22

historical and biographical approach, 17–18

Laurence Lampert, 20–21

literary form and philosophical content inseparable in Charmides, 23

mastery based on technological knowledge, 19

Noburu Notomi, 18

Richard Stalley, 22

Thomas Schmid, 19–20

rulers

absolute rulers, 47

aiming at good governance of state, 39

entitling possessor to rule, 15

architectonic science, and, 46–47

possessing higher order knowledge, 18

‘science of science’, and, 27, 42, 46, 54, 237

temperate rulers, 27, 43, 46, 54, 205, 236, 237, 252–254, 258, 259–263, 271

ruse, Critias’ use of, 69–71, 73, 77, 79, 92, 145, 248, 292, 297

Schmid, Thomas, 17, 19, 20, 21, 56, 90, 124, 127, 129, 132, 133, 134, 138, 139, 140, 146, 160, 184, 185, 207, 225, 228, 238, 239, 244, 253, 275, 284

approach to Charmides, 19–20

Plato’s Charmides and the Socratic Ideal of Rationality, 19

science, 4, 55, See also sôphrosynê or temperance, Critias’ definitions of under Critias

architectonic form of, 45, 236–272

architectonic form of science, 236–272

Argument from Benefit, 5–7, 236–272, 317–323

Argument from Relatives, 196–235, 315–317

cognitive aspects of statesmanship, as, 5

cognitive part of an expertise, as, 172

good and evil, 6–7, 44, 54

higher-order science governing first-order sciences or arts, 194

knowledge of oneself, as, 176

reflexive, strictly reflexive science, 5

‘science both of all the other sciences and of itself’, 179, 180, 187, 313

‘science of itself’, 187–195, 278

‘science of itself’ as impossible, 229

temperance as, 187–195

‘science of itself and the other sciences’, 38, 55, 56, 170–186, 187–195, 219, 243, 269, 314–315

absence of science and, 225, 227, 229

incompatible with Socratic self-knowledge’, 185

temperance as, 314–315

‘science of science’, 22, 38, 41, 43, 48, 183, 187–188, 205, 226, 323

architectonic expertise, as, 43

architectonic science, as, 252

Critias’ conception of self-knowledge, 25–27

entailing substantive and discriminatory knowledge, 188, 191

good and evil, 266–269, 271

‘knowledge of oneself’, and, 242

‘knowledge of oneself’ to ‘knowledge of itself’, 312–314

reflexivity, strict reflexivity, 38, 39, 48

related to Socratic self-knowledge, 22

rulers, and, 27, 42, 46, 54, 237

ruling science of good and evil, 269–270

self-knowledge, as, 16, 52

states ruled in accordance with, 18

temperance, as, 21, 26, 34, 41, 44, 52–53, 181, 187–195, 197, 222, 235, 258–263, 278

unsuitability of ‘science of science’ as political ideal, 45–47

strictly reflexive, as, 43, 52

technê, and, 172

temperance as, 12, 32

temperance as ‘knowledge of knowledge’, 4–5

scientific knowledge. See science

self-control, 3, 19, 28, 74, 104, 109, 127, 128, 138, 160

self-knowledge, 15, 19, 23, 39, 51–52, 53, 167, 273

Apology, in, 4, 17, 22, 23, 24, 26, 41, 54, 162

craftsmen, 252–254

good life, for, 168

knowing oneself, as, 164

object as realisation of own ignorance concerning human good, 185

rulers, 18

‘science of itself and the other sciences’, 184

‘science of science’, as, 16

self-control, as, 160

Socratic ideal of rationality, 20

Socratic self-knowledge. See under Socrates

technocratic conception of, 52

temperance, as, 4, 24, 30, 31, 38, 74, 146, 156–158, 160, 161, 165, 169

two competing conceptions of, 23–28

Critias, 25–27

Socrates, 24–25

senses. See hearing; sight

setting the stage, 57–62

shame, sense of, 3, 10, 11, 18, 27, 78, 99, 100, 135, 307–308

shame, temperance as sense of, 37, 99, 124–134, 218, 239, 288, 291, 295, 298

youth, and, 293, 305

Shorey, Paul

criticism of Charmides, 1

sight, 198, 200–206, 222–224

Sisyphus, 167

Socrates

Apology, 13, 24, 26, 40, 61, 156, 165, 281, 296

craftsmen, 158, 264

defence speech, 188

Delphic oracle, 24, 162

self-knowledge, 4, 17, 22, 23, 24, 26, 41, 54, 162

Socrates’ speech having normative and paraenetic purpose, 25

value, 21

battle of Potidaea, return from, 2, 7, 13

Delphic oracle – no man wiser, 24, 162, 188See also interpretation of Delphic inscription under Critias

doctor of the soul, as, 70

double role in Charmides, 13, 61, 100

eulogy of Charmides’ house, 93–98

‘knowledge of itself and the other knowledges’, 185. See also sôphrosynê or temperance, Critias’ definitions of under Critias

last address to Charmides, 286–290, 324

method of investigation, 33

criticisms of, 35–36

opinion

objects of, 202, 208

pedagogue, as, 100

refusing to comply with orders of the Thirty, 78, 296

relationship with Critias, impact of, 9

ruse, use of, 69–71, 73, 76–79

self-control, 74

self-criticism, 42, 273–274, 281, 283–286

self-knowledge, 4–5, 24–25, 155, 162, 180, 188, 195

path to, 188–189

Socratic self-knowledge, 20, 21, 22, 25, 27, 41, 52, 53, 76, 185–186, 191, 192, 281

self-sufficiency, ideal of, 137

Socratic intellectualism, 32

summary of arguments, 273–286

supporting democratic relations in Athenian form of government, 20

tainted by association with the Thirty, 10

technê analogy, 245, 263–264, 271

challenge to, 33–35

commitment to, 229

debating with Critias, 170–186, 193, 236, 312–314

temperance, 59

trial and sentence, 9

unique portrait in Charmides, 13–14

virtue, 21

virtue equivalent to science, 174

vulnerable to erotic passion, 64, 74–76, 212, 215, 238

wisdom/human wisdom, 162–163

young men’s beauty, 60, 67–68

Socratic intellectualism, 15, 32

Socratic self-knowledge. See under Socrates

Solon the Athenian, 95

Sophist, 40, 197, 230, 232, 233, 286

sophists, 50, 143, 173, 184, 185

sôphrosynê. See temperance

Stalley, Richard

approach to Charmides, 22

Statesman, 40, 43, 44, 45, 158, 197, 230, 232, 259, 286

statues

Charmides compared with, 63, 64–65, 66–67, 113, 301

representing divine or quasi-divine beings, 65

Stoicism, 197, 229

structure, 32–33

Symposium, 40, 61, 63, 71, 213

Tarrant, Harold

approach to Charmides, 22

Taureas, 2, 57, 58

technê

meanings, 55

technê analogy. See under Socrates

temperance, 16, 59, 323–324

avoiding being a busybody, 30

cardinal virtue of Greek culture, as, 3

cause of everything good for a person, as, 3

courage, and, 125

Critias, and. See under Critias

‘doing one’s own’, as, 3, 11, 16, 18, 27, 28, 29, 37, 44, 50, 55, 135–143, 145, 146, 147, 157, 308–309

‘doing one’s own’ in some other way, as, 141–142

‘doing one’s own’, not making one’s own, as, 148–149

‘doing or making of good things’, as, 3–4, 144–158, 309–311

experts, 169, 237, 247

nature of, 3

quietness, as, 3, 107–123, 305–307

science of good and evil, as, 269

‘knowing oneself’, as, 4, 16, 159–169, 311–312

‘science of itself and the other sciences’, as, 55, 183, 314–315

‘science of itself and the other sciences and non-science’, as, 237

‘science of science’, as, 187–195

self-control, as, 3, 28, 160

self-knowledge, and, 3, 135. See under self-knowledge

sense of shame, as, 3, 31, 37, 124–134, 307–308

Socrates, views of, 15–16

Theaetetus, 1, 40, 47–49, 50, 56, 259, 260, 299

Theaetetus (mathematician), 48, 49, 50, 298

Thirty, the

Charmides as Critias’ right-hand man, 295

Critias’ ideology of political elitism, 260

debates concerning junta of, 109

establishment of, 298

headed by Critias, 9, 18

ideology of cognitive elitism, 11, 43, 52

rule over Athens, 58

Socrates refusing to comply with orders of, 78

Socrates tainted by association with, 10

summary executions, 295

Thucydides, 7, 9, 58, 127

Timaeus, 13, 40, 44, 235

Tuckey, T. Godfrey, 1, 18, 21, 22, 56, 109, 111, 129, 155, 161, 174, 183, 184, 185, 206, 208, 244, 267, 276, 282, 283, 293

first analytic monograph on Charmides, 1

Tuozzo, Thomas, 17, 23, 26, 27, 38, 55, 84, 85, 88, 89, 110, 116, 117, 129, 132, 137, 138, 139, 147, 150, 151, 155, 157, 168, 184, 185, 188, 189, 190, 200, 202, 203, 204, 207, 208, 220, 222, 224, 228, 232, 233, 238, 241, 242, 243, 244, 256, 257, 258, 259, 261, 267, 275, 286, 295

uniqueness of Charmides, 28–40

virtue, 21, 31–32, 39–40, 41

‘doing one’s own’, as, 236

crowning achievement of human rationality, 173

expert knowledge, as, 15, 31

form of expertise, as, 34

justice, and, 114

knowledge, as, 161, 172–173

natural inclination, training, and habit, dependent on, 174

psycho-physical holism, 37

science, as, 39

technê analogy, 33–35

technê, and, 170–186

temperance, as, 31

virtuous agents knowing value of actions, 37

why Plato wrote Charmides, 51–54

will or rational wish, 209, 210–211

wrestling, 117

keen and slow wrestling, 118

wrestling school, 7

Zalmoxis, 2, 14, 33, 81, 84–86, 163, 235, 236, 291

doctors of, 37, 41, 83–93

psychosomatic holism, 83–93

Zeus, 191, 237

third offering to, 187–195, 314–15

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