Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-x5gtn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-28T21:08:06.962Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
This chapter is part of a book that is no longer available to purchase from Cambridge Core

1 - Introduction

Zonglin Jiang
Affiliation:
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
Randy S. M. Chue
Affiliation:
Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Get access

Summary

In order to introduce hypersonic ground testing facilities, background information in hypersonics is presented to show to readers what we want to do, where we have been, and where we are going to go. These will provide with a good indication of the research needs that are called as hypersonic vehicle ground testing. It is of fundamental importance that a vehicle design must be carefully evaluated in ground test facilities before flight testing can proceed. Indeed, the development of hypersonic vehicles is related to the capability development of hypersonic ground testing facilities.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abbany, Z. (2021). NASA Rover Attempting Most Difficult Martian Touchdown. Deutsche Welle, February 18. https://bit.ly/3rM214C (Accessed: February 28, 2021).Google Scholar
Aharonson, O., Russell, C. T., Head, J. W. III, et al. (2020). The Science Mission of SpaceIL’s Beresheet Lander: Plans and Results. 51st Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, Woodlands, Texas, 1267.Google Scholar
Allen, H. J. and Eggers, A. J. (1953). A Study of the Motion and Aerodynamic Heating of Ballistic Missiles Entering the Earth’s Atmosphere at High Supersonic Speeds. NACA-RM-A53D28. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050019430 (Accessed: May 2, 2023).Google Scholar
Allen, H. J. and Eggers, A. J. (1958). A Study of the Motion and Aerodynamic Heating of Ballistic Missiles Entering the Earth’s Atmosphere at High Supersonic Speeds. NACA-TR-1381. (Supersedes NACA-TN-4017 by the same authors, 1957). https://history.arc.nasa.gov/hist_pdfs/awards/hjaa_1970a.pdf (Accessed: May 2, 2023).Google Scholar
Anderson, G., Kumar, A., and Erdos, J. (1990). Progress in Combustion Technology with Computation and Experiment. AIAA Paper 90-5254.Google Scholar
Anderson, J. D. Jr. (2006). Hypersonic and High-Temperature Gas Dynamics, 2nd ed. Reston, VA: AIAA.Google Scholar
Anon. (1980). Aerodynamic Design Data Book – Orbiter Vehicle, Vol. 1, Rockwell International, Space Division. SD72-SH-0060-1M.Google Scholar
Arney, D. (2016). Reusable Vehicles Come to Forefront. Aerospace America, AIAA, December, 54(11), 70.Google Scholar
Barbosa, R. C. (2013). China’s Chang’e-3 and Jade Rabbit Duo Land on the Moon. Nasaspaceflight.com, December 14. https://bit.ly/3lenwbO (Accessed: February 27, 2021).Google Scholar
Berry, S. A., Kimmel, R., and Reshotko, E. (2011). Recommendations for Hypersonic Boundary Layer Transition Flight Testing. AIAA Paper 2011-3415.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bertin, J. J. (1994). Hypersonic Aerothermodynamics. Washington, DC: AIAA, pp. 231276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bertin, J. J. and Cummings, R. M. (2006). Critical Hypersonic Aerothermodynamic Phenomena. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 38, 129157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brauckmann, G. J., Paulson, J. W. Jr., and Weilmuenster, K. J. (1995). Experimental and Computational Analysis of Shuttle Orbiter Hypersonic Trim Anomaly. Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, 32(5), 758764.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Button, K. (2018). Hypersonic Weapons Race. Aerospace America, AIAA, June, 56(6), 20–25.Google Scholar
Charters, A. C. and Thomas, R. N. (1945). The Aerodynamic Performance of Small Spheres from Subsonic to High Supersonic Velocities. Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences, 12(4), 468476.Google Scholar
Chen, F.-J. and Berry, S. A. (2010). HyBoLT Flight Experiment. NASA Technical Memorandum, NASA/TM-2010-216725.Google Scholar
Chinitz, W., Erdos, J. I., Rizkalia, O., Anderson, G. Y., and Bushnell, D. M. (1994). Facility Opportunities and Associated Stream Chemistry Considerations for Hypersonic Air-Breathing Propulsion. Journal of Propulsion and Power, 10(1), 617.Google Scholar
Costa, M., Pérez, M., Almeida, M., et al. (2016). Rosetta: Rapid Science Operations for a Dynamic Comet. AIAA Paper 2016–2538.Google Scholar
Cox, R. N. and Crabtree, L. F. (1965). Elements of Hypersonic Aerodynamics. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Crowder, R. S. and Moot, J. D. (1965). Apollo Entry Aerodynamics, Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, 6(3), 302307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Desai, P. N., Lyons, D. T., Tooley, J., and Kangas, J. (2006). Entry, Descent, and Landing Operations Analysis for the Stardust Re-Entry Capsule. AIAA Paper 2006–6410.Google Scholar
Edney, B. E. (1968a). Anomalous Heat Transfer and Pressure Distributions on Bunt Bodies at Hypersonic Speeds in the Presence of an Impinging Shock. FFA Report 115, Flygtekniska Försöksanstalten (The Aeronautical Research Institute of Sweden), Stockholm.Google Scholar
Edney, B. E. (1968b). Effects of Shock Impingement on the Heat Transfer around Blunt Bodies. AIAA Journal, 6(1), 1521.Google Scholar
eoPortal Chang’e-5. (n.d.). Chang’e-5 (China’s Lunar Sample Return Mission)/CE-5. https://bit.ly/3lesd5g (Accessed: March 2, 2021).Google Scholar
eoPortal Hayabusa-2. (n.d.). Hayabusa-2, Japan’s Second Asteroid Sample Return Mission. https://bit.ly/3lcw1nE (Accessed: March 2, 2021).Google Scholar
Fay, J. A. and Riddell, F. R. (1958). Theory of Stagnation Point Heat Transfer in Dissociated Air. Journal of Aeronautical Sciences, 25(2), 7385.Google Scholar
Francis, W. L. (1965). Experimental Heat-Transfer Study of Shock Impingement on Fins in Hypersonic Flow. Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, 2(4), 630632.Google Scholar
Gibney, E. (2019). China Plans Mission to Earth’s Pet Asteroid. Nature, April 30. www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-01390-5 (Accessed: February 28, 2021).Google Scholar
Grinstead, J. H., Jenniskens, R., Cassell, A. M., Albers, J., and Winter, M. W. (2011). Airborne Observation of the Hayabusa Sample Return Capsule Re-entry. AIAA Paper 2011–3329.Google Scholar
Guy, R. W., Rogers, R. C., Puster, R. L., Rock, K. E., and Diskin, G. S. (1996). The NASA –Langley Scramjet Test Complex. AIAA Paper 96–3243.Google Scholar
Hadhazy, A. (2017). Space Station Experiment Targets Parkinson’s. Aerospace America, AIAA, September, 55(8), 9.Google Scholar
Hadhazy, A. (2019). Lunar Far Side Comes into Focus. Aerospace America, AIAA, April, 57(4), 31–34.Google Scholar
Hiers, R. S. and Loubsky, W. J. (1967). Effects of Shock-Wave Impingement on the Heat Transfer on a Cylindrical Leading Edge. NASA TN D-3859.Google Scholar
Hodges, A. J. (1957). The Drag Coefficient of Very High Velocity Spheres, Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences, 24(10), 755758.Google Scholar
Hofactor, C. (2020a). How to Make a Megaconstellation. Aerospace America, AIAA, March, 58(3), 16–23Google Scholar
Hofactor, C. (2020b). One of These Companies Could Deliver American Astronauts to the Moon in 2024. Aerospace America, AIAA, April 30. https://bit.ly/3qGqAyF (Accessed: February 27, 2021).Google Scholar
JAXA. (2019). Shooting bullets into Ryugu! JAXA, February 18. https://bit.ly/3bJVaDa (Accessed: February 27, 2021).Google Scholar
Justus, C. G. and Braun, R. D. (2007). Atmospheric Environments for Entry, Descent and Landing (EDL). In 5th International Planetary Probes Workshop and Short Course, 23–29 June, Bordeaux, France.Google Scholar
Klotz, I. (2017). Recycling Rockets. Aerospace America, AIAA, September, 55(8), 32–39.Google Scholar
Koppenwallner, G. (1987). Low Reynolds Number Influence on Aerodynamic Performance of Hypersonic Lifting Vehicles, Paper 11. AGARD Conference Proceedings No. 428, Aerodynamics of Hypersonic Lifting Vehicles, November.Google Scholar
Lauretta, D. S., Balram-Knutson, S. S., Beshore, E., et al. (2017). OSIRIS-REx: Sample Return from Asteroid (101955) Bennu. Space Science Reviews, 212, 925984.Google Scholar
Lebreton, J.-P. and Matson, D. L. (2002). The Huygens Probe: Science, Payload and Mission Overview. Space Science Reviews, 104, 59100.Google Scholar
Lebreton, J.-P., Witasse, O., Sollazzo, C., et al. (2005). An Overview of the Descent and Landing of the Huygens Probe on Titan. Nature, 438(8), 758764.Google Scholar
Lu, F. K. and Marren, D. E. (eds.) (2002). Advanced Hypersonic Test Facilities. AIAA Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics, Vol. 198. Reston, VA: AIAA.Google Scholar
Maise, G., Powell, J., Paniagua, J., et al. (2003). Application of the MITEE Nuclear Ramjet for Ultra Long Range Flyer Missions in the Atmospheres of Jupiter and Other Giant Planets. Paper IAC-03-Q.4.09, 54th International Astronautical Congress, Bremen, Germany, September–October.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malik, T. (2012). Death of DARPA’s Superfast Hypersonic Glider Explained. Space.com, April 23. https://bit.ly/3lgwepV (Accessed: March 2, 2021).Google Scholar
Martos, J. F. d. A., Rêgo, I. d. S., Laiton, S. N. P., et al. (2017). Experimental Investigation of Brazilian 14-X B Hypersonic Scramjet Aerospace Vehicle. International Journal of Aerospace Engineering, 2017. Article ID 5496527. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/5496527 (Accessed: May 2, 2023).Google Scholar
Marvin, J. G. and Deiwert, G. S. (1965). Convective Heat Transfer in Planetary Gases, NASA Technical Report TR R-224.Google Scholar
Maus, J. R., Griffith, B. J., Szema, K. Y., and Best, J. T. (1984). Hypersonic Mach Number and Real Gas Effects on Space Shuttle Orbiter Aerodynamics, Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, 21(2), 136141.Google Scholar
McBride, B. J. and Gordon, S. (1996). Computer Program for calculation of Complex Chemical Equilibrium Compositions and Applications. II. Users Manual and Program Description. NASA Reference Publication RP-1311.Google Scholar
McCurdy, H. E. (2005). Low-Cost Innovation in Spaceflight. The Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) Shoemaker Mission. Monographs in Aerospace History, 36, NASA SP-2005-4536.Google Scholar
NASA. (2009). NASA and ISRO Satellites Perform in Tandem to Search for Ice on the Moon, August 20. www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/Mini-RF/news/tandem_search.html (Accessed: February 27, 2021).Google Scholar
NASA. (2020). NASA’s OSIRIS-REx Successfully Stows Sample of Asteroid Bennu. NASA News Release, October 29. https://go.nasa.gov/3cojZng (Accessed: February 28, 2021).Google Scholar
NASA Mars. (2021). Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover. https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/ (Accessed: February 28, 2021).Google Scholar
NASA Perseverance. (2020). Mars 2020/Perseverance. NASA Fact Sheet. https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Fact_Sheet.pdf (Accessed: February 28, 2021).Google Scholar
Newlander, R. A. (1961). Effect of Shock Impingement on the Distributions of Heat-Transfer Coefficients on a Right Circular Cylinder at Mach Numbers of 2.65, 3.51, and 4.44. NASA TN D-642.Google Scholar
Norris, G. (2013). Skunk Works Reveals SR-71 Successor Plan. Aviation Week and Space Technology, November 1. https://bit.ly/40VCJSv (Accessed: May 1, 2023).Google Scholar
Odom, T. and Johnston, D. (2018). Exploring High-Speed Propulsion for Weapons, Passenger Aircraft. Aerospace America, AIAA, December, 56(11), 49.Google Scholar
Oswatitsch, K. (1951). Ähnlichkeitsgesetz für Hyperschallströmung (Similarity Laws for Hypersonic Flow). Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Physik ZAMP (Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics), 2(4), 249264.Google Scholar
Oswatitsch, K. (1980). Similarity Laws for Hypersonic Flow. In Contributions to the Development of Gas Dynamics, ed. Schneider, W. and Platzer, M.. Braunschweig: Vieweg Verlag, pp. 7688.Google Scholar
Owen, T., Raulin, F., McKay, C., et al. (1997). The Relevance of Titan and Cassini/Huygens to Pre-biotic Chemistry and the Origin of Life on Earth. In Huygens: Science, Payload and Mission, ESA SP 1177, ed. Wilson, A.. Noordwijk: ESA Publications Division, ESTEC, pp. 231233.Google Scholar
Park, C. (1995). Experimental Simulation and Evaluation of Chemical Effects. In Aerothermochemistry for Hypersonic Technology, Lecture Series 1995–04, ed. G. S. R. Sarma. Belgium: Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics.Google Scholar
Park, C. (1996a). Experimental Evaluation of Real-Gas Phenomena in High-Enthalpy Impulse Test Facilities. AIAA Paper 96–2234.Google Scholar
Park, C. (1996b). Experimental Evaluation of Real-Gas Phenomena in High-Temperature Aerothermal Test Facilities: A Review. AIAA Paper 96–2207.Google Scholar
Planetary Society. (n.d.). Tianwen-1 and Zhurong, China’s Mars Orbiter and Rover. www.planetary.org/space-missions/tianwen-1 (Accessed: May 1, 2023).Google Scholar
Ray, A. D. and Palko, R. L. (1965). An Investigation of the Effects of Shock Impingement on a Blunt Leading Edge. AEDC-TR-65-153. U.S. Air Force.Google Scholar
Schneider, S. P. (1999). Flight Data for Boundary-Layer Transition at Hypersonic and Supersonic Speeds. Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, 36(1), 820.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sforza, P. M. (2012). Theory of Aerospace Propulsion. Waltham, MA: Elsevier, pp. 536539.Google Scholar
Siddiqi, A. A. (2018). Beyond Earth: A Chronicle of Deep Space Exploration. NASA SP-2018-4041, NASA History Division.Google Scholar
Siler, L. G. and Deskins, H. E. (1964). Effect of Shock Impingement on Heat-Transfer and Pressure Distributions on a Cylindrical-Leading-Edge Model at Mach Number 19. AEDC-TDR-64-228, U.S. Air Force, November.Google Scholar
Singh, L., Sharma, S. P., and Moore, C. (2019). Space Exploration Focuses on Asteroids. Aerospace America, AIAA, December, 56 (11), 72.Google Scholar
Smith, D. M., Felderman, E. J., Shope, F. L., and Balboni, J. A. (2002). Arc-Heated Facilities. In Advanced Hypersonic Test Facilities, AIAA Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics, Vol. 198. Reston, VA: AIAA, pp. 279–314.Google Scholar
SpaceX Falcon. (2021) Falcon Heavy. www.spacex.com/vehicles/falcon-heavy/ (Accessed: February 27, 2021).Google Scholar
Stevens, V. I. (1950). Hypersonic Research Facilities at the Ames Aeronautical Laboratory, Journal of Applied Physics, 21(11), 11501155.Google Scholar
Sutton, K. and Graves, R. A. Jr. (1971). A General Stagnation-Point Convective-Heating Equation for Arbitrary Gas Mixtures, NASA Technical Report TR R-376.Google Scholar
Tauber, M. E. (1989). A Review of High-Speed, Convective, Heat-Transfer Computational Methods, NASA Technical Paper 2914.Google Scholar
Tauber, M. E., Meneses, G. P., and Adelman, H. G. (1987). Aerothermodynamics of Transatmospheric Vehicles. Journal of Aircraft, 24(9), 594602.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
The Hindu. (2009). Chandrayaan Confirms Moon Was once Completely Molten: Scientist. The Hindu. https://bit.ly/41OO7R3 (Accessed: May 1, 2023).Google Scholar
Urzay, J. (2018). Supersonic Combustion in Air-Breathing Propulsion Systems for Hypersonic Flight. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 50, 593627.Google Scholar
Voland, R. T., Rock, K. E., Huebner, L. D., et al. (1998). Hyper-X Engine Design and Ground Test Program. AIAA Paper 98–1532.Google Scholar
Watts, J. D. (1968). Flight Experience with Shock Impingement and Interference Heating on the X-15-2 Research Airplane, NASA Technical Memorandum, NASA/TM X-1669.Google Scholar
Wood, P. and Cliff, R. (2020). A Case Study of the PRC’s Hypersonic Systems Development. E-book. China Aerospace Studies Institute, Air University, September 20. https://bit.ly/38B1MSm (Accessed: March 2, 2021).Google Scholar
Wright, R. L. and Zoby, E. V. (1977). Flight Boundary Layer Transition Measurements on a Slender Cone at Mach 20. AIAA Paper 77–719.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • Introduction
  • Zonglin Jiang, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Randy S. M. Chue, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
  • Book: Theories and Technologies of Hypervelocity Shock Tunnels
  • Online publication: 12 October 2023
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009030991.002
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Introduction
  • Zonglin Jiang, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Randy S. M. Chue, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
  • Book: Theories and Technologies of Hypervelocity Shock Tunnels
  • Online publication: 12 October 2023
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009030991.002
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Introduction
  • Zonglin Jiang, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Randy S. M. Chue, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
  • Book: Theories and Technologies of Hypervelocity Shock Tunnels
  • Online publication: 12 October 2023
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009030991.002
Available formats
×