Abolghasemi, A., Bakhshian, F., & Narimani, M. (2013). Response inhibition and cognitive appraisal in clients with acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry, 8(3), 124–130.Google Scholar

Abrahams, N., Devries, K., Watts, C., Pallitto, C., Petzold, M., Shamu, S., & García-Moreno, C. (2014). Worldwide prevalence of non-partner sexual violence: A systematic review. Lancet, 383(9929), 1648–1654.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edn). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edn). Arlington, VA:American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar

Andero, R., Choi, D. C., & Ressler, K. J. (2014). BDNF-TrkB receptor regulation of distributed adult neural plasticity, memory formation, and psychiatric disorders. Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science, 122, 169–192.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Armour, C. & Elklit, A. (2013). The latent structure of acute stress disorder: A posttraumatic stress disorder approach. Psychological Trauma, 5(1), 18–25.Google Scholar

Armour, C. & Hansen, M. (2015). Assessing DSM-5 latent subtypes of acute stress disorder: Dissociative or intrusive? Psychiatry Research, 225(3), 476–483.Google Scholar

Bauer, M. R., Ruef, A. M., Pineles, S. L., Japuntich, S. J., Macklin, M. L., Lasko, N. B., & Orr, S. P. (2013). Psychophysiological assessment of PTSD: A potential research domain criteria construct. Psychological Assessment, 25(3), 1037–1043.Google Scholar

Benarroch, E. E. (2015). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor: Regulation, effects, and potential clinical relevance. Neurology, 84(16), 1693–1704.Google Scholar

Benjet, C., Bromet, E., Karam, E. G., Kessler, R. C., Mclaughlin, K. A., Ruscio, A. M., … Koenen, K. C. (2016). The epidemiology of traumatic event exposure worldwide: Results from the World Mental Health Survey Consortium. Psychological Medicine, 46(2), 327–343.Google Scholar

Bennett, M. & Lagopoulos, J. (2014). Stress and trauma: BDNF control of dendritic-spine formation and regression. Progress in Neurobiology, 112, 80–99.Google Scholar

Biggs, Q. M., Fullerton, C. S., Reeves, J. J., Grieger, T. A., Reissman, D., & Ursano, R. J. (2010). Acute stress disorder, depression, and tobacco use in disaster workers following 9/11. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 80(4), 586–592.Google Scholar

Brewin, C. R., Andrews, B., & Valentine, J. D. (2000). Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(5), 748–766.Google Scholar

Bromet, E., Sonnega, A., & Kessler, R. C. (1998). Risk factors for DSM-III-R posttraumatic stress disorder: Findings from the National Comorbidity Survey. American Journal of Epidemiology, 147(4), 353–361.Google Scholar

Bryant, R. A. (2011). Acute stress disorder as a predictor of posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 72(2), 233–239.Google Scholar

Bryant, R. A., Creamer, M., O’Donnell, M., Forbes, D., Mcfarlane, A. C., Silove, D., & Hadzi-Pavlovic, D. (2017). Acute and chronic posttraumatic stress symptoms in the emergence of posttraumatic stress disorder. JAMA Psychiatry, 74(2), 135–142.Google Scholar

Bryant, R. A., Creamer, M., O’Donnell, M., Silove, D., & Mcfarlane, A. C. (2012). The capacity of acute stress disorder to predict posttraumatic psychiatric disorders. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 46(2), 168–173.Google Scholar

Bryant, R. A., Creamer, M., O’Donnell, M., Silove, D., Mcfarlane, A. C., & Forbes, D. (2014). A comparison of the capacity of DSM-IV and DSM-5 acute stress disorder definitions to predict posttraumatic stress disorder and related disorders. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 76(4), 391–397.Google Scholar

Bryant, R. A. & Harvey, A. G. (2000). Acute Stress Disorder: A Handbook of Theory, Assessment, and Treatment. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar

Cardeña, E. & Carlson, E. (2011). Acute stress disorder revisited. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 7(1), 245–267.Google Scholar

Cozza, S. J., Fisher, J. E., Mauro, C., Zhou, J., Ortiz, C. D., Skritskaya, N., … Shear, M. K. (2016). Performance of DSM-5 persistent complex bereavement disorder criteria in a community sample of bereaved military family members. American Journal of Psychiatry, 173(9), 919–929.Google Scholar

Cwik, J. C., Sartory, G., Schürholt, B., Knuppertz, H., & Seitz, R. J. (2014). Posterior midline activation during symptom provocation in acute stress disorder: An fMRI study. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 5(49).Google Scholar

Daniels, J. K., Coupland, N. J., Hegadoren, K. M., Rowe, B. H., Densmore, M., Neufeld, R. W., & Lanius, R. A. (2012). Neural and behavioral correlates of peritraumatic dissociation in an acutely traumatized sample. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 73(4), 420–426.Google Scholar

Delahanty, D. L., Raimonde, A., & Spoonster, E. (2000). Initial posttraumatic urinary cortisol levels predict subsequent PTSD symptoms in motor vehicle accident victims. Biological Psychiatry, 48(9), 940–947.Google Scholar

Deppermann, S., Storchak, H., Fallgatter, A., & Ehlis, A. (2014). Stress-induced neuroplasticity: (Mal)adaptation to adverse life events in patients with PTSD – A critical overview. Neuroscience, 283, 166–177.Google Scholar

deRoon-Cassini, T. A., Mancini, A. D., Rusch, M. D., & Bonanno, G. A. (2010). Psychopathology and resilience following traumatic injury: A latent growth mixture model analysis. Rehabilitation Psychology, 55(1), 1–11.Google Scholar

Felmingham, K. L., Rennie, C., Gordon, E., & Bryant, R. A. (2012). Autonomic and cortical reactivity in acute and chronic posttraumatic stress. Biological Psychology, 90(3), 224–227.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Fitzgerald, P. J., Seemann, J. R., & Maren, S. (2014). Can fear extinction be enhanced? A review of pharmacological and behavioral findings. Brain Research Bulletin, 105, 46–60.Google Scholar

Ford, C. V. (1997). Somatic symptoms, somatization, and traumatic stress: An overview. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 51(1), 5–13.Google Scholar

Frewen, P. A. & Lanius, R. A. (2014). Trauma-related altered states of consciousness: Exploring the 4-D model. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 15(4), 436–456.Google Scholar

Friedman, M. J., Huber, B. R., Brady, C. B., Ursano, R. J., Benedek, D. M., Kowall, N. W., …The Traumatic Stress Brain Research Group. (in press). The Department of Veterans Affairs Biorepository Brain Bank: A national resource for research on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Current Psychiatric Reports.Google Scholar

Galea, S., Boscarino, J., Resnick, H., & Vlahov, D. (2003). Mental health in New York City after the September 11th terrorist attacks: Results from two population surveys. In Mandersheid, R. W. & Henderson, M. J. (eds.), Mental Health, United States, 2002. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.Google Scholar

Galea, S., Vlahov, D., Resick, H., Ahern, J., Susser, E., Gold, J., … Kilpatrick, D. (2003). Trends of probable posttraumatic stress disorder in New York City after the September 11 terrorist attacks. American Journal of Epidemiology, 158(6), 514–524.Google Scholar

Gellis, L. A., Mavandadi, S., & Oslin, D. W. (2010). Functional quality of life in full versus partial posttraumatic stress disorder among veterans returning from Iraq and Afghanistan. The Primary Care Companion to The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 12(3).Google Scholar

Gillespie, C. F., Phifer, J., Bradley, B., & Ressler, K. J. (2009). Risk and resilience: Genetic and environmental influences on development of the stress response. Depression and Anxiety, 26(11), 984–992.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Goldmann, E. & Galea, S. (2014). Mental health consequences of disasters. Annual Review of Public Health, 35, 169–183.Google Scholar

Gradus, J. L., Antonsen, S., Svensson, E., Lash, T. L., Resick, P. A., & Hansen, J. G. (2015). Trauma, comorbidity, and mortality following diagnoses of severe stress and adjustment disorders: A nationwide cohort study. American Journal of Epidemiology, 182(5), 451–458.Google Scholar

Gradus, J. L., Qin, P., Lincoln, A. K., Miller, M., Lawler, E., Sorensen, H. T., & Lash, T. L. (2010). Acute stress reaction and completed suicide. International Journal of Epidemiology, 39(6), 1478–1484.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Guez, J., Cohen, J., Naveh-Benjamin, M., Shiber, A., Yankovsky, Y., Saar, R., & Shalev, H. (2013). Associative memory impairment in acute stress disorder: Characteristics and time course. Psychiatry Research, 209(3), 479–484.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Guthrie, R. M. & Bryant, R. A. (2005). Auditory startle response in firefighters before and after trauma exposure. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(2), 283–290.Google Scholar

Hammack, S. E. & May, V. (2015). Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide in stress-related disorders: Data convergence from animal and human studies. Biological Psychiatry, 78(3), 167–177.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hansen, M., Armour, C., Wang, L., Elklit, A., & Bryant, R. A. (2015). Assessing possible DSM-5 ASD subtypes in a sample of victims meeting caseness for DSM-5 ASD based on self-report following multiple forms of traumatic exposure. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 31, 84–89.Google Scholar

Hansen, M., Armour, C., Wittmann, L., Elklit, A., & Shevlin, M. (2014). Is there a common pathway to developing ASD and PTSD symptoms? Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 28(8), 865–872.Google Scholar

Hansen, M. & Elklit, A. (2011). Predictors of acute stress disorder in response to bank robbery. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 2.Google Scholar

Hansen, M., Hyland, P., & Armour, C. (2016). Does highly symptomatic class membership in the acute phase predict highly symptomatic classification in victims 6 months after traumatic exposure? Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 40, 44–51.Google Scholar

Hansen, M., Lasgaard, M., & Elklit, A. (2013). The latent factor structure of acute stress disorder following bank robbery: Testing alternative models in light of the pending DSM-5. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 52(1), 82–91.Google Scholar

Harville, E. W., Taylor, C. A., Tesfai, H., Xu, X., & Buekens, P. (2011). Experience of Hurricane Katrina and reported intimate partner violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 26(4), 833–845.Google Scholar

Hauck, S., Gomes, F., Silveira Junior Ede, M., Almeida, E., Possa, M., & Ceitlin, L. H. (2009). Serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in acute and posttraumatic stress disorder: A case report study. Revista Brasileira De Psiquiatria, 31(1), 48–51.Google Scholar

Hendrickson, R. C. & Raskind, M. A. (2016). Noradrenergic dysregulation in the pathophysiology of PTSD. Experimental Neurology, 284(Pt B), 181–195.Google Scholar

Holman, E. A., Garfin, D. R., & Silver, R. C. (2014). Media’s role in broadcasting acute stress following the Boston Marathon bombings. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111(1), 93–98.Google Scholar

Isserlin, L., Zerach, G., & Solomon, Z. (2008). Acute stress responses: A review and synthesis of ASD, ASR, and CSR. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 78(4), 423–429.Google Scholar

Jakupcak, M., Conybeare, D., Phelps, L., Hunt, S., Holmes, H. A., Felker, B., … McFall, M. E. (2007). Anger, hostility, and aggression among Iraq and Afghanistan War veterans reporting PTSD and subthreshold PTSD. Journal of Trauma Stress, 20(6), 945–954.Google Scholar

Jakupcak, M., Hoerster, K. D., Varra, A., Vannoy, S., Felker, B., & Hunt, S. (2011). Hopelessness and suicidal ideation in Iraq and Afghanistan War veterans reporting subthreshold and threshold posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 199(4), 272–275.Google Scholar

Janak, P. H. & Tye, K. M. (2015). From circuits to behaviour in the amygdala. Nature, 517(7534), 284–292.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Jovanovic, T., Sakoman, A. J., Kozaric-Kovacic, D., Mestrovic, A. H., Duncan, E. J., Davis, M., & Norrholm, S. D. (2013). Acute stress disorder versus chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: Inhibition of fear as a function of time since trauma. Depression and Anxiety, 30(3), 217–224.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kessler, R. C., Sonnega, A., Bromet, E., Hughes, M., & Nelson, C. B. (1995). Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 52(12), 1048–1060.Google Scholar

Klengel, T., Pape, J., Binder, E. B., & Mehta, D. (2014). The role of DNA methylation in stress-related psychiatric disorders. Neuropharmacology, 80, 115–132.Google Scholar

Kozak, M. J. & Cuthbert, B. N. (2016). The NIMH Research Domain Criteria Initiative: Background, issues, and pragmatics. Psychophysiology, 53(3), 286–297.Google Scholar

Lanius, R. A. (2015). Trauma-related dissociation and altered states of consciousness: A call for clinical, treatment, and neuroscience research. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 6, 27905.Google Scholar

LeDoux, J. E. & Pine, D. S. (2016). Using neuroscience to help understand fear and anxiety: A two-system framework. American Journal of Psychiatry, 173(11), 1083–1093.Google Scholar

Lee, S. W., Gerdes, L., Tegeler, C. L., Shaltout, H. A., & Tegeler, C. H. (2014). A bihemispheric autonomic model for traumatic stress effects on health and behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 843.Google Scholar

Maercker, A., Brewin, C. R., Bryant, R. A., Cloitre, M., van Ommeren, M., Jones, L. M., … Reed, G. M. (2013). Diagnosis and classification of disorders specifically associated with stress: Proposals for ICD-11. World Psychiatry, 12(3), 198–206.Google Scholar

Mahendraraj, K., Durgan, D. M., & Chamberlain, R. S. (2016). Acute mental disorders and short and long term morbidity in patients with third degree flame burn: A population-based outcome study of 96,451 patients from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database (2001–2011). Burns, 42(8), 1766–1773.Google Scholar

McLean, S. A., Soward, A. C., Ballina, L. E., Rossi, C., Rotolo, S., Wheeler, R., … Liberzon, I. (2012). Acute severe pain is a common consequence of sexual assault. Journal of Pain, 13(8), 736–741.Google Scholar

McTeague, L. M., Lang, P. J., Laplante, M. C., Cuthbert, B. N., Shumen, J. R., & Bradley, M. M. (2010). Aversive imagery in posttraumatic stress disorder: Trauma recurrence, comorbidity, and physiological reactivity. Biological Psychiatry, 67(4), 346–356.Google Scholar

Mighdoll, M. I., Deep-Soboslay, A., Bharadwaj, R. A., Cotoia, J. A., Benedek, D. M., Hyde, T. M., & Kleinman, J. E. (2017). Implementation and clinical characteristics of a posttraumatic stress disorder brain collection. Journal of Neuroscience Research.Google Scholar

Miguel-Tobal, J. J., Cano-Vindel, A., Gonzalez-Ordi, H., Iruarrizaga, I., Rudenstine, S., Vlahov, D., & Galea, S. (2006). PTSD and depression after the Madrid March 11 train bombings. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 19(1), 69–80.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Montalvo-Ortiz, J. L., Gelernter, J., Hudziak, J., & Kaufman, J. (2016). RDoC and translational perspectives on the genetics of trauma-related psychiatric disorders. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 171b(1), 81–91.Google Scholar

Moulds, M. L. & Bryant, R. A. (2008). Avoidant encoding in acute stress disorder: A prospective study. Depression and Anxiety, 25(12), E195–198.Google Scholar

Narrow, W. E., Clarke, D. E., Kuramoto, S. J., Kraemer, H. C., Kupfer, D. J., Greiner, L., & Regier, D. A. (2013). DSM-5 field trials in the United States and Canada, Part III: Development and reliability testing of a cross-cutting symptom assessment for DSM-5. American Journal of Psychiatry, 170(1), 71–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Nisenbaum, L. K. & Abercrombie, E. D. (1993). Presynaptic alterations associated with enhancement of evoked release and synthesis of norepinephrine in hippocampus of chronically cold-stressed rats. Brain Research, 608(2), 280–287.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Nixon, R. D. & Rackebrandt, J. (2016). Cognitive load undermines thought suppression in acute stress disorder. Behavioral Therapy, 47(3), 388–403.Google Scholar

Norris, F. H. (1992). Epidemiology of trauma: Frequency and impact of different potentially traumatic events on different demographic groups. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60(3), 409–418.Google Scholar

Norris, F. H., Friedman, M. J., Watson, P. J., Byrne, C. M., Diaz, E., & Kaniasty, K. (2002). 60,000 disaster victims speak: Part I. An empirical review of the empirical literature, 1981–2001. Psychiatry, 65(3), 207–239.Google Scholar

North, C. S., Nixon, S. J., Shariat, S., Mallonee, S., McMillen, J. C., Spitznagel, E. L., & Smith, E. M. (1999). Psychiatric disorders among survivors of the Oklahoma City bombing. Journal of the American Medical Association, 282(8), 755–762.Google Scholar

O’Donnell, M. L., Alkemade, N., Creamer, M., McFarlane, A. C., Silove, D., Bryant, R. A., … Forbes, D. (2016). A longitudinal study of adjustment disorder after trauma exposure. American Journal of Psychiatry, 173(12), 1231–1238. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.16010071Google Scholar

Ogle, C. M., Rubin, D. C., & Siegler, I. C. (2014). Cumulative exposure to traumatic events in older adults. Aging & Mental Health, 18(3), 316–325. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2013.832730Google Scholar

Otis, J. M., Werner, C. T., & Mueller, D. (2015). Noradrenergic regulation of fear and drug-associated memory reconsolidation. Neuropsychopharmacology, 40(4), 793–803. doi: 10.1038/npp.2014.243Google Scholar

Patrick, C. J. & Hajcak, G. (2016). RDoC: Translating promise into progress. Psychophysiology, 53(3), 415–424. doi: 10.1111/psyp.12612Google Scholar

Pietrzak, R. H., Gallezot, J. D., Ding, Y. S., Henry, S., Potenza, M. N., Southwick, S. M., … Neumeister, A. (2013). Association of posttraumatic stress disorder with reduced in vivo norepinephrine transporter availability in the locus coeruleus. Journal of the American Medical Association Psychiatry, 70(11), 1199–1205. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.399Google Scholar

Prigerson, H. G., Shear, M. K., Jacobs, S. C., Reynolds, C. F., 3rd, Maciejewski, P. K., Davidson, J. R., … Zisook, S. (1999). Consensus criteria for traumatic grief. A preliminary empirical test. British Journal of Psychiatry, 174, 67–73. doi: 10.1192/bjp.174.1.67Google Scholar

Reiser, E. M., Weiss, E. M., Schulter, G., Holmes, E. A., Fink, A., & Papousek, I. (2014). Prefrontal-posterior coupling while observing the suffering of other people, and the development of intrusive memories. Psychophysiology, 51(6), 546–555. doi: 10.1111/psyp.12197Google Scholar

Reynaud, E., Guedj, E., Trousselard, M., El Khoury-Malhame, M., Zendjidjian, X., Fakra, E., … Khalfa, S. (2015). Acute stress disorder modifies cerebral activity of amygdala and prefrontal cortex. Cognitive Neuroscience, 6(1), 39–43. doi: 10.1080/17588928.2014.996212Google Scholar

Roncone, R., Giusti, L., Mazza, M., Bianchini, V., Ussorio, D., Pollice, R., & Casacchia, M. (2013). Persistent fear of aftershocks, impairment of working memory, and acute stress disorder predict posttraumatic stress disorder: 6-month follow-up of help seekers following the L’Aquila earthquake. Springerplus, 2, 636. doi: 10.1186/2193–1801-2–636Google Scholar

Rothbaum, B. O., Foa, E. B., Murdock, T., & Walsh, W. (1992). A prospective examination of posttraumatic stress disorder in rape victims. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 5, 455–475. doi: 10.1002/jts.2490050309Google Scholar

Rubin, G. J., Brewin, C. R., Greenberg, N., Simpson, J., & Wessely, S. (2005). Psychological and behavioural reactions to the bombings in London on 7 July 2005: Cross sectional survey of a representative sample of Londoners. British Medical Journal, 331(7517), 606. doi: 10.1136/bmj.38583.728484.3ACrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rundell, J. F. & Ursano, R. J. (1996). Psychiatric responses to trauma. In Ursano, R. J. & Norwood, A. E. (eds.), Emotional Aftermath of the Persian Gulf War Veterans, Communities, and Nations (pp. 43–81). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.Google Scholar

Salmon, P. & Calderbank, S. (1996). The relationship of childhood physical and sexual abuse to adult illness behavior. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 40(3), 329–336. doi: 10.1016/0022–3999(95)00580–3Google Scholar

Santiago, P. N., Ursano, R. J., Gray, C. L., Pynoos, R. S., Spiegel, D., Lewis-Fernandez, R., … Fullerton, C. S. (2013). A systematic review of PTSD prevalence and trajectories in DSM-5 defined trauma exposed populations: Intentional and non-intentional traumatic events. Public Library of Science One, 8(4), e59236. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059236Google Scholar

Schmidt, U. & Vermetten, E. (2017). Integrating NIMH Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) into PTSD research. Current Topics in Behavioral Neuroscience. 1–23. doi: 10.1007/7854_2017_1Google Scholar

Shalev, A. Y. (2002). Acute stress reactions in adults. Biological Psychiatry, 51(7), 532–543. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3223(02)01335–5Google Scholar

Shalev, A. Y., Sahar, T., Freedman, S., Peri, T., Glick, N., Brandes, D., … Pitman, R. K. (1998). A prospective study of heart rate response following trauma and the subsequent development of posttraumatic stress disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55(6), 553–559. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.55.6.553Google Scholar

Shankman, S. A. & Gorka, S. M. (2015). Psychopathology research in the RDoC era: Unanswered questions and the importance of the psychophysiological unit of analysis. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 98(2 Pt 2), 330–337. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.01.001Google Scholar

Shevlin, M., Hyland, P., & Elklit, A. (2014). Different profiles of acute stress disorder differentially predict posttraumatic stress disorder in a large sample of female victims of sexual trauma. Psychological Assessment, 26(4), 1155–1161. doi: 10.1037/a0037272Google Scholar

Smoller, J. W. (2016). The genetics of stress-related disorders: PTSD, depression, and anxiety disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology, 41(1), 297–319. doi: 10.1038/npp.2015.266CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Solomon, E. P. & Heide, K. M. (2005). The biology of trauma: Implications for treatment. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 20(1), 51–60. doi: 10.1177/0886260504268119Google Scholar

Southwick, S. M., Bremner, J. D., Rasmusson, A., Morgan, C. A., 3rd, Arnsten, A., & Charney, D. S. (1999). Role of norepinephrine in the pathophysiology and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 46(9), 1192–1204. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3223(99)00219-XGoogle Scholar

Stein, D. J., Chiu, W. T., Hwang, I., Kessler, R. C., Sampson, N., Alonso, J., … Nock, M. K. (2010). Cross-national analysis of the associations between traumatic events and suicidal behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. Public Library of Science One, 5(5), e10574. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010574Google Scholar

Stein, J. Y., Wilmot, D. V., & Solomon, Z. (2016). Does one size fit all? Nosological, clinical, and scientific implications of variations in PTSD Criterion A. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 43, 106–117. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.07.001CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Stein, M. B., Walker, J. R., Hazen, A. L., & Forde, D. R. (1997). Full and partial posttraumatic stress disorder: findings from a community survey. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154(8), 1114–1119. doi: 10.1176/ajp.154.8.1114Google Scholar

Su, T. P., Zhang, L., Chung, M. Y., Chen, Y. S., Bi, Y. M., Chou, Y. H., … Ursano, R. (2009). Levels of the potential biomarker p11 in peripheral blood cells distinguish patients with PTSD from those with other major psychiatric disorders. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 43(13), 1078–1085. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.03.010Google Scholar

Suliman, S., Troeman, Z., Stein, D. J., & Seedat, S. (2013). Predictors of acute stress disorder severity. Journal of Affective Disorders, 149(1–3), 277–281. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.01.041Google Scholar

Szabo, C., Kelemen, O., Levy-Gigi, E., & Keri, S. (2015). Acute response to psychological trauma and subsequent recovery: No changes in brain structure. Psychiatry Research, 231(3), 269–272. doi: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.01.005Google Scholar

Tang, B., Liu, X., Liu, Y., Xue, C., & Zhang, L. (2014). A meta-analysis of risk factors for depression in adults and children after natural disasters. BioMed Central Public Health, 14, 623. doi: 10.1186/1471–2458-14–623Google Scholar

Tucker, P., Pfefferbaum, B., Nitiema, P., Wendling, T. L., & Brown, S. (2016). Intensely exposed Oklahoma City terrorism survivors: Long-term mental health and health needs and posttraumatic growth. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 204(3), 203–209. doi: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000000456Google Scholar

Ulibarri, M. D., Ulloa, E. C., & Salazar, M. (2015). Associations between mental health, substance use, and sexual abuse experiences among Latinas. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 24(1), 35–54. doi: 10.1080/10538712.2015.976303Google Scholar

Ursano, R. J., Goldenberg, M., Zhang, L., Carlton, J., Fullerton, C. S., Li, H., … Benedek, D. (2010). Posttraumatic stress disorder and traumatic stress: From bench to bedside, from war to disaster. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1208, 72–81. doi: 10.1111/j.1749–6632.2010.05721.xGoogle Scholar

van den Heuvel, L., Suliman, S., Malan-Muller, S., Hemmings, S., & Seedat, S. (2016). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66met polymorphism and plasma levels in road traffic accident survivors. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 29(6), 616–629. doi: 10.1080/10615806.2016.1163545Google Scholar

Vlahov, D., Galea, S., Resick, H., Ahern, J., Boscarino, J. A., Bucuvalas, M., … Kilpatrick, D. (2002). Increased use of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana among Manhattan, New York, residents after the September 11th terrorist attacks. American Journal of Epidemiology, 155(11), 988–996.Google Scholar

World Health Organization. (2017). The ICD-11 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines (beta version). Geneva: World Health Organization.Google Scholar

Yuan, K. C., Ruo Yao, Z., Zhen Yu, S., Xu Dong, Z., Jian Zhong, Y., Edwards, J. G., & Edwards, G. D. (2013). Prevalence and predictors of stress disorders following two earthquakes. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 59(6), 525–530. doi: 10.1177/0020764012453233Google Scholar

Zannas, A. S. & Binder, E. B. (2014). Gene–environment interactions at the FKBP5 locus: sensitive periods, mechanisms and pleiotropism. Genes, Brain and Behavior, 13(1), 25–37. doi: 10.1111/gbb.12104CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Zannas, A. S., Provencal, N., & Binder, E. B. (2015). Epigenetics of posttraumatic stress disorder: Current evidence, challenges, and future directions. Biological Psychiatry, 78(5), 327–335. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.04.003Google Scholar

Zhang, L., Li, H., Hu, X., Li, X. X., Smerin, S., & Ursano, R. (2011). Glucocorticoid-induced p11 over-expression and chromatin remodeling: A novel molecular mechanism of traumatic stress? Medical Hypotheses, 76(6), 774–777. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.02.015Google Scholar

Zlotnick, C., Franklin, C. L., & Zimmerman, M. (2002). Does “subthreshold” posttraumatic stress disorder have any clinical relevance? Comprehensive Psychiatry, 43(6), 413–419. doi: 10.1053/comp.2002.35900Google Scholar

Zoellner, L. A. & Foa, E. B. (2016). Applying Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) to the study of fear and anxiety: A critical comment. Psychophysiology, 53(3), 332–335. doi: 10.1111/psyp.12588Google Scholar