During the course of history there have been three occassions upon which great masses of treasure—gold and silver—have suddenly, or within the span of a comparatively few years, been released and thrown upon the world's markets. These occasions have been at the end of the fourth century B.C., when Alexander the Great captured the hoards of the Persian kings; during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries when the treasures of Mexico and Peru were brought to Europe by the Spaniards, and during the nineteenth century with the discovery of gold first in California and Australia and later in Alaska and South Africa. We are singularly fortunate in having for our consideration, price series which exhibit the effect of these sudden accessions of treasure for all three periods. The object of the present article will be to examine the first two of these momentous happenings.

May 8 and 9, 1945, were officially proclaimed V-E Days in England. On the latter day in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, Mr. Herbert Morrison, as Home Secretary, announced certain revocations of the Defence Regulations which had been in effect since the outbreak of war in 1939. He stated that in accordance with the government's declared policy of relaxing war-time restrictions as soon as changes in the war position made this possible or desirable, advance consideration had been given to the question of what Defence Regulations could be dispensed with on the termination of hostilities in Europe, with the result that as of May 9, by order-in-council, eighty-four of the Defence (General) Regulations were revoked entirely and another twenty-five in part. He added that he was happy to announce the sweeping away of these limitations, the relinquishment of the exceptional powers entrusted to the Home Secretary, and the return to traditional British freedoms.

In Canada, on June 14, 1945, an order-in-council was passed establishing an inter-departmental committee to examine the Defence of Canada Regulations “with a view to the revision thereof, including the variation, modification and revocation of the same.” The inter-departmental committee so established was to report to the President of the Privy Council and make such recommendations regarding war-time regulations as it considered appropriate, and consistent with the vigorous prosecution of the war against Japan.

The precipitous surrender of Japan hastened the relaxation of the provisions for Canada's internal security. Twelve of the Defence of Canada Regulations, among which were most of the regulations directly affecting civil liberties, were revoked by order-in-council of August 16, 1945. A month later, on September 14, forty-four of the remaining Defence Regulations were revoked and four others revoked in part or amended. The net result of these two orders-in-council was to remove most of the restrictions on liberties normally enjoyed by individuals in peace-time, but continuing in effect upwards of forty Defence Regulations, including some of those relating to enemy aliens, to protection of property, and to custody of Japanese persons, and those Regulations containing administrative and procedural provisions. It is therefore timely to present a survey of the nature and extent of Canada's Defence Regulations, and to assay their value in preventing sabotage and controlling subversive activity.

Social scientists have given very little time to the study of professions. They have studied the market and the state, the family and the labour union, the immigrant and the delinquent; but the professions, of which they are a part, they have in general avoided. The omission is not easy to explain. Undeniably professions play an extremely important part in our own type of society. As a matter of fact, professions should be interesting merely for the fact that in no other type of society have they developed in comparable fashion. In terms of the functions performed, the prestige accorded, the numbers involved, and the portion of the national income which they receive in our society, they are obviously important.

The study of professions requires a manifold approach, one which corresponds to the various facets of the type studied. In order to understand a profession one would need to know something about the following: (1) the institutions within which the members carry on their activities, (2) the characteristics of the clienteles which the members acquire, and (3) the groups into which the members of the profession are organized.

The successful practice of medicine requires access to a multiplicity of institutions. Of particular importance are the hospital, the clinic, and the established office practice. The successful career in medicine involves gaining admittance to these institutions, and maintaining connexion with them. Only the exceptional practitioner can survive without access to such institutions; the freelance practitioner has gradually been supplanted by one whose career depends on his relationships with a network of institutions.

The Canadian Northland embraces both the Yukon and the North West Territories, a total area of 1,516,758 square miles. The Yukon Territory, which forms the extreme north-west portion of the mainland of Canada, extends northward from British Columbia to the Arctic Ocean and eastward from Alaska to the District of Mackenzie. The North West Territories, which have diminished in area time and again during the last seventy-five years, today embrace the vast mainland portion of Canada lying north of the sixtieth parallel of latitude between the Yukon Territory on the west and Hudson Bay on the east, together with the islands in Hudson and James Bays and in the Arctic Archipelago.