Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-vvkck Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T05:36:47.146Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Speed of Information and the Sell-Side Research Industry

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 August 2019

Daniel Bradley*
Affiliation:
Bradley, danbradley@usf.edu, University of South Florida Department of Finance
Jonathan Clarke
Affiliation:
Clarke, jonathan.clarke@scheller.gatech.edu, Georgia Institute of Technology Scheller College of Business
Linghang Zeng
Affiliation:
Zeng, lzeng@babson.edu, Babson College
*
Bradley (corresponding author) danbradley@usf.edu

Abstract

Between 2009 and 2013, the Fly on the Wall (FLY) leaked 58% of recommendation revisions with a median delay of 27 minutes relative to the IBES announcement time. We show that FLY improves price discovery, but leaked recommendations hamper brokers’ ability to offer price improvement on trades routed through them. Three major brokers sued FLY; using key court dates, we show significant wealth and real effects to the brokerage industry. Overall, the speed with which analyst recommendations are disseminated has led to more rapid price discovery at the expense of a decline in the scope of the sell-side research industry.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Michael G. Foster School of Business, University of Washington 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

We thank Jennifer Conrad (the editor), Laura Field, Bill Francis, Jillian Grennan (the referee), Paul Irvine (discussant), Russell Jame, Paul Koch, Roger Loh, Jeffrey Pontiff, Thomas Shohfi (discussant), Josh White, Jared Williams, Fei Xie, and seminar participants at the 2017 SFS Cavalcade, 2017 FMA European Conference, Florida International University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Seoul National University, and the University of Delaware for helpful discussions and comments. This article is derived in part from Zeng’s dissertation. The authors are solely responsible for all errors.

References

Akbas, F.; Markov, S.; Subasi, M.; and Weisbrod, E.. “Determinants and Consequences of Information Processing Delay: Evidence from the Thomson Reuters Institutional Brokers’ Estimate System.” Journal of Financial Economics, 127 (2018), 366388.10.1016/j.jfineco.2017.11.005CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bai, J.; Philippon, T.; and Savov, A.. “Have Financial Markets Become More Informative?Journal of Financial Economics, 122 (2016), 625654.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barclays Capital Inc., Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Inc., and Morgan Stanley & Co. Inc. v. Theflyonthewall.com, Inc. 650 F. 3d 876 (2d Cir. 2011).Google Scholar
Bhushan, R.Firm Characteristics and Analyst Following.” Journal of Accounting and Economics, 11 (1989), 255274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bradley, D.; Clarke, J.; Lee, S.; and Ornthanalai, C.. “Are Analysts’ Recommendations Informative? Intraday Evidence on the Impact of Time Stamp Delays.” Journal of Finance, 69 (2014), 645673.10.1111/jofi.12107CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brogaard, J.; Hendershott, T.; and Riordan, R.. “High-Frequency Trading and Price Discovery.” Review of Financial Studies, 27 (2014), 22672306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ceron, G. F.Merrill Lynch Takes Steps to Limit Access to Research.” Wall Street Journal, (2007).Google Scholar
Chen, Y.; Kelly, B.; and Wu, W.. “Sophisticated Investors and Market Efficiency: Evidence from a Natural Experiment.” Journal of Financial Economics, forthcoming (2020).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clarke, J.; Khorana, A.; Patel, A.; and Rau, P. R.. “The Impact of All-Star Analyst Job Changes on Their Coverage Choices and Investment Banking Deal Flow.” Journal of Financial Economics, 84 (2007), 713737.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clement, M.Analyst Forecast Accuracy: Do Ability, Resources, and Portfolio Complexity Matter?Journal of Accounting and Economics, 27 (1999), 285303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crawford, S.; Roulstone, D.; and So, E.. “Analyst Initiations of Coverage and Stock Return Synchronicity.” Accounting Review, 87 (2012), 15271553.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diamond, D. W., and Verrecchia, R. E.. “Information Aggregation in a Noisy Rational Expectations Economy.” Journal of Financial Economics, 9 (1981), 221235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dugast, J., and Foucault, T.. “Data Abundance and Asset Price Informativeness.” Journal of Financial Economics, 130 (2018), 367391.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farboodi, M.; Matray, A.; and Veldkamp, L.. “Where Has All the Big Data Gone?” Working Paper, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farboodi, M., and Veldkamp, L.. “Long Run Growth of Financial Data Technology.” Working Paper, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2018).10.3386/w23457CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foucault, T.; Hombert, J.; and Rosu, I.. “News Trading and Speed.” Journal of Finance, 71 (2016), 335382.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Froot, K.; Kang, N.; Ozik, G.; and Sadka, R.. “What Do Measures of Real-Time Corporate Sales Say about Earnings Surprises and Post-Announcement Returns?Journal of Financial Economics, 125 (2017), 143162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldstein, M. A.; Irvine, P.; Kandel, E.; and Wiener, Z.. “Brokerage Commissions and Institutional Trading Patterns.” Review of Financial Studies, 22 (2009), 51755212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, T. C.; Jame, R.; Markov, S.; and Subasi, M.. “Broker-Hosted Investor Conferences.” Journal of Accounting and Economics, 58 (2014), 142166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grennan, J., and Michaely, R.. “FinTechs and the Market for Financial Analysis.” Working Paper, Duke University (2018).10.2139/ssrn.3136150CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grossman, S. J., and Stiglitz, J. E.. “On the Impossibility of Informationally Efficient Markets.” American Economic Review, 70 (1980), 393408.Google Scholar
Groysberg, B.; Healy, P.; and Maber, D.. “What Drives Sell-Side Analyst Compensation at High-Status Investment Banks?Journal of Accounting Research, 49 (2011), 9691000.10.1111/j.1475-679X.2011.00417.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hirshleifer, D.; Lim, S. S.; and Teoh, S. H.. “Driven to Distraction: Extraneous Events and Underreaction to Earnings News.” Journal of Finance, 64 (2009), 22892325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hong, H., and Stein, J. C.. “A Unified Theory of Underreaction, Momentum Trading, and Overreaction in Asset Markets.” Journal of Finance, 54 (1999), 21432184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hu, G.Measures of Implicit Trading Costs and Buy-Sell Asymmetry.” Journal of Financial Markets, 12 (2009), 418437.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hu, G.; McLean, R. D.; Pontiff, J.; and Wang, Q.. “The Year-End Trading Activities of Institutional Investors: Evidence from Daily Trades.” Review of Financial Studies, 27 (2014), 15931614.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Irvine, P.Do Analysts Generate Trade for Their Firms? Evidence from the Toronto Stock Exchange.” Journal of Accounting and Economics, 30 (2000), 209226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Irvine, P.Analysts’ Forecasts and Brokerage-Firm Trading.” Accounting Review, 79 (2004), 125149.10.2308/accr.2004.79.1.125CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, A.Trade Generation, Reputation and Sell-Side Analysts.” Journal of Finance, 60 (2005), 673717.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jame, R.; Johnston, R.; Markov, S.; and Wolfe, M. C.. “The Value of Crowdsourced Earnings Forecasts.” Journal of Accounting Research, 54 (2016), 10771110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lang, M.; Lins, K.; and Miller, D.. “ADRs, Analysts, and Accuracy: Does Cross Listing in the United States Improve a Firm’s Information Environment and Increase Market Value?Journal of Accounting Research, 41 (2003), 317345.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, E. X.; Ramesh, K.; Shen, M.; and Wu, J. S.. “Do Analyst Stock Recommendations Piggyback on Recent Corporate News? An Analysis of Regular-Hour and After-Hours Revisions.” Journal of Accounting Research, 53 (2015), 821861.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loh, R., and Stulz, R. M.. “When Are Analyst Recommendation Changes Influential?Review of Financial Studies, 24 (2011), 593627.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lui, D.; Markov, S.; and Tamayo, A.. “Equity Analysts and the Market’s Assessment of Risk.” Journal of Accounting Research, 50 (2012), 12871317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Markov, S.; Muslu, V.; and Subasi, M.. “Analyst Tipping: Additional Evidence.” Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 44 (2017), 94115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marr, W.Effects of the Antitakeover Provisions of Pennsylvania Act 36: A Survey of Empirical Studies.” Financial Analysts Journal, 48 (1992), 5257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Merkley, K.; Michaely, R.; and Pacelli, J.. “Does the Scope of Sell-Side Analyst Industry Matter? An Examination of Bias, Accuracy and Information Content of Analyst Reports.” Journal of Finance, 72 (2017), 12851334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stickel, S.Reputation and Performance among Security Analysts.” Journal of Finance, 47 (1992), 18111836.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Verrecchia, R. E.Information Acquisition in a Noisy Rational Expectations Economy.” Econometrica, 50 (1982), 14151430.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhu, C.Big Data as a Governance Mechanism.” Review of Financial Studies, 32 (2019), 20212061.CrossRefGoogle Scholar