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Involvement of sphaeractinomyxon in the life cycle of mugiliform-infecting Myxobolus (Cnidaria, Myxosporea) reveals high functionality of actinospore morphotype in promoting transmission

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 June 2020

Sónia Rocha Open the ORCID record for Sónia Rocha [Opens in a new window] ,
Luís F. Rangel ,
Graça Casal Open the ORCID record for Graça Casal [Opens in a new window] ,
Carlos Azevedo ,
Pedro Rodrigues  and
Maria J. Santos
Sónia Rocha*
Affiliation:
Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no. 228, 4050-313Porto, Portugal Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208Matosinhos, Portugal
Luís F. Rangel*
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208Matosinhos, Portugal Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, FC4, 4169-007Porto, Portugal
Graça Casal
Affiliation:
University Institute of Health Sciences & Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (CESPU), Rua Central da Gandra no. 1317, 4585-116Gandra, Portugal
Carlos Azevedo
Affiliation:
Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no. 228, 4050-313Porto, Portugal Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208Matosinhos, Portugal
Pedro Rodrigues
Affiliation:
Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no. 228, 4050-313Porto, Portugal i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen no. 208, 4200-135Porto, Portugal
Maria J. Santos
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208Matosinhos, Portugal Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, FC4, 4169-007Porto, Portugal
*
Author for correspondence: Sónia Rocha, E-mail: sonia.oliveira.rocha@gmail.com; Luís F. Rangel, E-mail: luisfiliperangel@sapo.pt
Author for correspondence: Sónia Rocha, E-mail: sonia.oliveira.rocha@gmail.com; Luís F. Rangel, E-mail: luisfiliperangel@sapo.pt
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Abstract

Four new actinospore types belonging to the sphaeractinomyxon collective group (Cnidaria, Myxosporea) are described from the coelomic cavity of a marine Baltidrilus sp. (Oligochaeta, Naididae) inhabiting a northern Portuguese estuary. Host identification supports the usage of marine oligochaetes, namely of the family Naididae Ehrenberg, 1828, as definitive hosts for myxosporeans inhabiting estuarine/marine environments. The absence of mixed infections in the host specimens analysed is suggested to reflect the influence of host-, parasite- and environmental-related factors regulating myxosporean–annelid interactions. Molecular analyses matched the SSU rDNA sequences of three of the four new types with those of mugiliform-infecting Myxobolus spp., namely Myxobolus mugiliensis and a Myxobolus sp. from flathead grey mullet Mugil cephalus, and Myxobolus labrosus from thicklip grey mullet Chelon labrosus. These results directly link, for the first time, the sphaeractinomyxon collective group to a myxospore counterpart, further confirming their previously hypothesized specific involvement in the life cycle of myxobolids that infect mullets. Acknowledging this life cycle relationship, the functionality of the sphaeractinomyxon morphotype is suggested to have been decisive for the evolutionary hyperdiversification of the genus Myxobolus in mullets. Unlike other actinospore morphotypes, sphaeractinomyxon lack valvular processes, which implies a limited capability for buoyancy. Considering the benthic-feeding nature of mullets, this feature is most likely crucial in promoting successful transmission to the vertebrate host.

Keywords

Actinospore stageBaltidrilus spmarine Oligochaetamolecular inferenceMyxobolus mugiliensisMyxobolus labrosusMyxozoaSSU rDNA gene
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 147 , Issue 12 , October 2020 , pp. 1320 - 1329
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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Footnotes

*

S. Rocha and L. F. Rangel are to be considered joint first authors.

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