For the $(d+1)$-dimensional Lie group $G=\mathbb{Z}_{p}^{\times }\ltimes \mathbb{Z}_{p}^{\oplus d}$, we determine through the use of $p$-power congruences a necessary and sufficient set of conditions whereby a collection of abelian $L$-functions arises from an element in $K_{1}(\mathbb{Z}_{p}\unicode[STIX]{x27E6}G\unicode[STIX]{x27E7})$. If $E$ is a semistable elliptic curve over $\mathbb{Q}$, these abelian $L$-functions already exist; therefore, one can obtain many new families of higher order $p$-adic congruences. The first layer congruences are then verified computationally in a variety of cases.

Motivated by a class of nonlinear nonlocal equations of interest for string theory, we introduce Sobolev spaces on arbitrary locally compact abelian groups and we examine some of their properties. Specifically, we focus on analogs of the Sobolev embedding and Rellich–Kondrachov compactness theorems. As an application, we prove the existence of continuous solutions to a generalized bosonic string equation posed on an arbitrary compact abelian group, and we also remark that our approach allows us to solve very general linear equations in a $p$-adic context.

We find the potential function whose gradient best approximates an observed square integrable function on a bounded open set subject to prescribed weight factors. With an appropriate choice of topology, we show that the gradient operator is a bounded linear operator and that the desired potential function is obtained by solving a second-order, self-adjoint, linear, elliptic partial differential equation. The main result makes a precise analogy with a standard procedure for the best approximate solution of a system of linear algebraic equations. The use of bounded operators means that the definitive equation is expressed in terms of well-defined functions and that the error in a numerical solution can be calculated by direct substitution into this equation. The proposed method is illustrated with a hypothetical example.

We extend results of Andrews and Bressoud [‘Vanishing coefficients in infinite product expansions’, J. Aust. Math. Soc. Ser. A27(2) (1979), 199–202] on the vanishing of coefficients in the series expansions of certain infinite products. These results have the form that if

$$\begin{eqnarray}\frac{(q^{r-tk},q^{mk-(r-tk)};q^{mk})_{\infty }}{(\pm q^{r},\pm q^{mk-r};q^{mk})_{\infty }}=:\mathop{\sum }_{n=0}^{\infty }c_{n}q^{n}\end{eqnarray}$$

$k$

$m$

$s$

$t$

$r=sm+t$

$c_{kn-rs}$

This paper is concerned with the Cauchy problem for a nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a harmonic potential and exponential growth nonlinearity in two space dimensions. In the defocusing case, global well-posedness is obtained. In the focusing case, existence of nonglobal solutions is discussed via potential-well arguments.

We consider the semilinear Schrödinger equation

$$\begin{eqnarray}\left\{\begin{array}{@{}l@{}}-\triangle u+V(x)u=f(x,u),\quad x\in \mathbb{R}^{N},\\ u\in H^{1}(\mathbb{R}^{N}),\end{array}\right.\end{eqnarray}$$

$f(x,u)$

$u$

$V(x)$

$x_{1},x_{2},\dots ,x_{N}$

$\sup [{\it\sigma}(-\triangle +V)\cap (-\infty ,0)]<0<\inf [{\it\sigma}(-\triangle +V)\cap (0,\infty )]$

${\mathcal{N}}^{-}$

For $0<p<\infty$ and $-2\leq {\it\alpha}\leq 0$ we show that the $L^{p}$ integral mean on $r\mathbb{D}$ of an analytic function in the unit disk $\mathbb{D}$ with respect to the weighted area measure $(1-|z|^{2})^{{\it\alpha}}\,dA(z)$ is a logarithmically convex function of $r$ on $(0,1)$.

It is well known that functions in the analytic Besov space $B_{1}$ on the unit disk $\mathbb{D}$ admit an integral representation

$$\begin{eqnarray}f(z)=\int _{\mathbb{D}}\frac{z-w}{1-z\overline{w}}\,d{\it\mu}(w),\end{eqnarray}$$

${\it\mu}$

$|{\it\mu}|(\mathbb{D})<\infty$

$B_{p}$

$0<p\leq 1$

${\rm\Lambda}_{t}$

$t>1$