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Use of low tunnels to describe effects of herbicide, adjuvant, and target surface on dicamba volatility

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 October 2023

Maria Leticia Zaccaro-Gruener Open the ORCID record for Maria Leticia Zaccaro-Gruener [Opens in a new window] ,
Jason K. Norsworthy Open the ORCID record for Jason K. Norsworthy [Opens in a new window] ,
Leonard B. Piveta Open the ORCID record for Leonard B. Piveta [Opens in a new window] ,
L. Tom Barber Open the ORCID record for L. Tom Barber [Opens in a new window] ,
Andy Mauromoustakos Open the ORCID record for Andy Mauromoustakos [Opens in a new window] ,
Thomas C. Mueller Open the ORCID record for Thomas C. Mueller [Opens in a new window]  and
Trenton L. Roberts Open the ORCID record for Trenton L. Roberts [Opens in a new window]
Maria Leticia Zaccaro-Gruener*
Affiliation:
Graduate Research Assistant, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR, USA
Jason K. Norsworthy
Affiliation:
Distinguished Professor and Elms Farming Chair of Weed Science, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR, USA
Leonard B. Piveta
Affiliation:
Research Scientist, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR, USA
L. Tom Barber
Affiliation:
Professor and Extension Weed Scientist, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Lonoke, AR, USA
Andy Mauromoustakos
Affiliation:
Professor, Agricultural Statistics Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
Thomas C. Mueller
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
Trenton L. Roberts
Affiliation:
Professor of Soil Fertility/Soil Testing, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR, USA
*
Corresponding author: Maria Leticia Zaccaro-Gruener; Email: mzaccaro@uark.edu
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Abstract

Investigations of the relevance of low-tunnel methodology and air sampling concerning the off-target movement of dicamba were conducted from 2018 to 2022, focused primarily on volatility. This research, divided into three experiments, evaluated the impact of herbicides and adjuvants added to dicamba and the type of surface treated on dicamba volatility. Treatment combinations included glyphosate and glufosinate, the presence of a simulated contamination rate of ammonium sulfate (AMS), the benefit of a volatility reduction agent (VRA), and a vegetated (dicamba-resistant cotton) or soil surface treated with dicamba. Volatility assessments included air sampling collected over 48 h. Dicamba treatments were applied four times to each of two bare soil or cotton trays and placed inside the tunnels. Dicamba from air samples was extracted and quantified. Field assessments included the maximum and average visible injury in bioindicator soybean and the lateral movement of dicamba damage expressed by the farthest distance from the center of the plots to the position in which plants exhibited 5% injury. Adding glufosinate and glyphosate to dicamba increased the dicamba amount in air samples. A simulated tank contamination rate of AMS (0.005% v/v) did not affect dicamba emissions compared to a treatment lacking AMS. Adding a VRA reduced dicamba in air samples by 70% compared to treatment without the adjuvant. Dicamba treatments applied on vegetation generally produced greater detectable amounts of dicamba than treatments applied to bare soil. Field assessment results usually followed differences in dicamba concentration by treatments tested. Results showed that low-tunnel methodology allowed simultaneous comparisons of several treatment combinations concerning dicamba volatility.

Keywords

DicambaglufosinateglyphosatecottonGossypium hirsutum L.soybeanGlycine max (L.) Merr.Off-target movementdicamba volatilitytank mixturestarget surfacesmicroclimates
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 37 , Issue 6 , December 2023 , pp. 617 - 627
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Weed Science Society of America

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Prashant Jha, Iowa State University

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