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Triazine Resistance in a Biotype of Wild Radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) in Australia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Abul Hashem ,
Harmohinder S. Dhammu ,
Stephen B. Powles ,
David G. Bowran ,
Terry J. Piper  and
Aik H. Cheam
Abul Hashem*
Affiliation:
Dryland Research Institute, Department of Agriculture, Great Eastern Highway, P.O. Box 432, Merredin, Australia 6415
Harmohinder S. Dhammu
Affiliation:
Dryland Research Institute, Department of Agriculture, Great Eastern Highway, P.O. Box 432, Merredin, Australia 6415
Stephen B. Powles
Affiliation:
Western Australia Herbicide Resistance Initiative, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia 6907
David G. Bowran
Affiliation:
Center for Cropping Systems, Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 483, Northam, Australia 6401
Terry J. Piper
Affiliation:
Center for Cropping Systems, Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 483, Northam, Australia 6401
Aik H. Cheam
Affiliation:
Department of Agriculture, Baron Hay Court, South Perth, Australia 6151
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: ahashem@agric.wa.gov.au.
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Abstract

This study documents the first case of triazine resistance in wild radish and the resistance mechanism involved. The high survival (57 to 97%) of the resistant (R) biotype progeny plants treated at a rate four times higher than the commonly recommended rate of simazine or atrazine clearly established that the R biotype plants were resistant to triazines. All the plants of the susceptible (S) biotype plants were killed when treated at half the commonly recommended rate of atrazine (0.5 kg/ha) or simazine (0.25 kg/ha). The dry weight of the S biotype was reduced by 89 to 96% at the commonly recommended rate of atrazine or simazine, while the dry weight of the R biotype plants was reduced by only 36 to 54% even when treated at a rate four times higher than the commonly recommended rate of atrazine or simazine. The growth-reduction–ratio values indicated that the R biotype progeny plants were 105 and 159 times more resistant to atrazine and simazine, respectively, than the S biotype plants. Leaf chlorophyll fluorescence yield was reduced by 97% in the S biotype 24 h after application of triazine compared with only 9% reduction in the R biotype, indicating that the resistance mechanism involved is target-site based. The R biotype was effectively controlled by herbicides of different modes of action.

Keywords

Atrazinesimazinetriazinewild radish, Raphanus raphanistrum L. # RAPRADry weight, leaf chlorophyll fluorescenceALS, acetolactate synthaseDAE, days after emergenceGR50 ratio, the ratio of the herbicide rate required to inhibit the growth of resistant biotype progeny plants by 50% to the rate required to inhibit the growth of S biotype plants by 50%; PS II, photosystem IIR, resistant (biotype)S, susceptible (biotype)SE, standard errorTT, triazine tolerantWA, Western Australia
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 15 , Issue 4 , December 2001 , pp. 636 - 641
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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