Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-skm99 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T09:17:08.929Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A Survey of Weeds and Herbicides in Georgia Pecan

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Timothy L. Grey ,
Fred S. Turpin II ,
Lenny Wells  and
Theodore M. Webster
Timothy L. Grey*
Affiliation:
University of Georgia, Tifton Campus, 2360 Rainwater Rd., Tifton, GA 31793
Fred S. Turpin II
Affiliation:
University of Georgia, Tifton Campus, 2360 Rainwater Rd., Tifton, GA 31793
Lenny Wells
Affiliation:
University of Georgia, Tifton Campus, 2360 Rainwater Rd., Tifton, GA 31793
Theodore M. Webster
Affiliation:
Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Tifton, GA 31793, respectively
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: tgrey@uga.edu.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

A survey was conducted in 2012 in Georgia to determine the most troublesome weeds in pecan orchards and document common herbicide weed control practices. Weed control practices and infestations in pecan were divided between winter and summer seasons. The most troublesome pecan winter weed species were wild radish and Italian ryegrass, whereas the most troublesome summer season weeds were Palmer amaranth and bermudagrass. Other weeds included crabgrass species, bahiagrass, Florida pusley, purslane species, morningglory species, curly dock, and cutleaf evening-primrose. The most widely used POST herbicide in both the winter and summer season was glyphosate. The most commonly used year-round herbicides with soil persistence were pendimethalin, diuron, flumioxazin, halosulfuron, simazine, indaziflam, and oryzalin. Use of multiple herbicides, PRE- and POST-contact and soil-persistent, with various herbicide mechanisms of action, have benefited pecan producers by providing year-round weed control, despite herbicide-resistant weeds being widely established in this region.

Se realizó una encuesta en 2012 en Georgia para determinar los malezas más problemáticas en plantaciones de pacana y documentar prácticas comunes de control de malezas con herbicidas. Las prácticas de control de malezas y las infestaciones en pacana fueron divididas entre las temporadas de invierno y verano. Las malezas de invierno más problemáticas en pacana fueron Raphanus raphanistrum y Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum, mientras que las malezas de verano más problemáticas fueron Amaranthus palmeri y Cynodon dactylon. Otras malezas incluyeron Digitaria spp., Paspalum notatum, Richardia scabra, Portulaca spp., Ipomoea spp., Rumex crispus, y Oenothera laciniata. El herbicida POST más ampliamente usado en ambas temporadas fue glyphosate. Los herbicidas con persistencia en el suelo más comúnmente usados a lo largo de todo el año fueron pendimethalin, diuron, flumioxazin, halosulfuron, simazine, indaziflam, y oryzalin. El uso de múltiples herbicidas, ambos PRE y POST de contacto y persistentes en el suelo, con varios mecanismos de acción, ha beneficiado a los productores de pacana al brindar control de malezas durante todo el año, a pesar de que malezas resistentes a herbicidas se están estableciendo ampliamente en esta región.

Keywords

2,4-Dclethodimdiruronflumioxazinglyphosateglufosinatehalosulfuronindaziflamparaquatsethoxydimsimazinebahiagrass, Paspalum notatum Flueggébermudagrass, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.crabgrass species, Digitaria spp.curly dock, Rumex crispus L.cutleaf evening primrose, Oenothera laciniata HillFlorida pusley, Richardia scabra L.Italian ryegrass, Lolium perenne L. ssp. multiforum (Lam.) Husnotmorningglory species, Ipomoea spp.Palmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.purslane species, Portulaca spp.wild radish, Raphanus raphanistrum L.pecan, Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch.Postemergencepreemergencesoil residual herbicidesweed management
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 28 , Issue 3 , September 2014 , pp. 552 - 559
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Anonymous (1998) Prowl 3.3 EC Hercide Specimen Label. American Cyanamid Company. http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/chem_search/ppls/000241-00337-19980708.pdf. Accessed July 18, 2013Google Scholar
Anonymous (2007) Census of Agriculture, 2007. Georgia Pecan Farms—All. http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/Georgia/Publications/State_Census_Summaries/GA07CensusPecanProfile1.pdf. Accessed May 7, 2013Google Scholar
Bhagwat, S, Haytowitz, DB, Holden, JM (2011) USDA Database for the Flavonoid Content of Selected Foods. Release 3. Beltsville MD: USDA/ARS Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center Nutrient Data Laboratory. 156 pGoogle Scholar
Bloem, S, Mizell, RF, O'Brien, CW (2002) Old traps for new weevils: new records for curculionids, brentids, and anthribids from Jefferson Co., Florida. Fla Entomol 85:632–644 Google Scholar
Culpepper, AS (2014) Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer Amaranth Map—2011. http://www.gaweed.com/. Accessed February 5, 2014Google Scholar
Culpepper, AS, Grey, TL, Vencill, WK, Kichler, JM, Webster, TM, Brown, SM, York, AC, Davis, JW, Hanna, WW (2006) Glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) confirmed in Georgia. Weed Sci 54:620–626 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dillehay, BL, Curran, WS (2010) Comparison of herbicide programs for weed control in glyphosate-resistant alfalfa. Weed Technol 24:130–138 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faircloth, WH, Patterson, MG, Foshee, WG, Nesbitt, ML, Goff, WD (2007) Comparison of preemergence and postemergence weed control systems in newly established pecan. Weed Technol 21:972–976 Google Scholar
Heap, I (2013) The International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. www.weedscience.com. Accessed May 6, 2013Google Scholar
Lee, RD (1994) Weed Management in Pecans. Cooperative Extension Service. Guide H-632. City, NM: New Mexico State University. Los Cruces, 6 pGoogle Scholar
Malik, MS, Norsworthy, JK, Riley, MB, Bridges, W Jr. (2010) Temperature and light requirements for wild radish germination over 12-month period following maturation. Weed Sci 58:136–140 Google Scholar
Mitchem, WE, Culpepper, AS (2012) Commercial pecan weed control. Georgia Pest Control Handbook. Cooperative Extension Service, University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Athens, GA. http://www.ent.uga.edu/pmh/. Accessed July 18, 2013Google Scholar
Mitchem, WE, Parker, ML (2005) Orchard-floor management in pecans. Horticulture Information Leaflets. Raleigh, NC: NC State University. 7 pGoogle Scholar
Mohseni-Moghadam, M, Schroeder, J, Heerema, R, Ashigh, J (2013) Resistance to glyphosate in Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) populations from New Mexico pecan orchards. Weed Technol 27:85–91 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Monaco, TJ, Cumbo, EL (1972) Growth and development of curly dock and broadleaf dock. Weed Sci 20:64–67 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[NASS] National Agricultural Statistics Servicie (2012) United States Department of Agriculture. Crop Production ISSN:1936–3737 http://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/Todays_Reports/reports/crop1012.pdf. Accessed July 18, 2013Google Scholar
Norsworthy, JK, Malik, MS, Riley, MB, Bridges, W Jr. (2010) Time of emergence affects survival and development of wild radish in South Carolina. Weed Sci 58:402–407 Google Scholar
SAS (1999) SAS/STAT User's Guide. Version 8. Cary, NC: Statistical Analysis System Institute, Inc., 3,884 pGoogle Scholar
Sosnoskie, LM, Kichler, JM, Wallace, RD, Culpepper, AS (2011) Multiple resistance in Palmer amaranth to glyphosate and pyrithiobac confirmed in Georgia. Weed Sci 59:321–325 Google Scholar
Smith, MW (2011) Pecan production increased by larger vegetation-free area surrounding the tree. Sci Hortic (Amst) 130:211–213 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, MW, Cheary, BS, Carroll, BL (2001) Allelopathy of bermudagrass, tall fescue, redroot pigweed, and cutleaf evening primrose on pecan. HortScience 36:1047–1048 Google Scholar
Todd, JW (1989) Ecology and behavior of Nezara viridula . Annu Rev Entomol 34:273–292 Google Scholar
Vencill, WK, Li, X, Grey, TL (2013) Multiple mechanisms of Palmer amaranth resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides. Page 363 in Proceedings of the 2013 Weed Science Society of America. Lawrence, KS: Weed Science Society of America Villarreal-Lozoya JE, Lombardini L, Cisneros-Zevallos L (2007) Phytochemical constituents and antioxidant capacity of different pecan (Carya illinoinensis) cultivars. Food Chem 102:1241–1249Google Scholar
Webster, TM, Burton, MG, Culpepper, AS, York, AC, Prostko, EP (2005) Tropical spiderwort (Commelina benghalensis): a tropical invader threatens agroecosystems of the southern United States. Weed Technol 19:501–508 Google Scholar
Webster, TM, MacDonald, GE (2001) A survey of weeds in various crops in Georgia. Weed Technol 15:771–790 Google Scholar
Webster, TM, Nichols, RL (2012) Changes in prevalence of weed species in the major agronomic crops of the southern United States: 1994/1995 to 2008/2009. Weed Sci 60:145–157 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Webster, TM, Patterson, M, Culpepper, AS, Mitchem, W, MacRae, A, Jennings, K, Deer, J (2010) Weed Survey—Southern States. Pages 252–253 in 2010 Proceedings, Southern Weed Science Society. Las Cruces, NM: Southern Weed Science Society Google Scholar
Wells, ML (2013) Same old things won't work in a changing industry. Pecan South 45:4 Google Scholar
Wise, AM, Grey, TL, Prostko, EP, Vencill, WK, Webster, TM (2009) Establishing the geographic distribution level of acetolactate synthase resistance of Palmer amaranth accessions in Georgia. Weed Technol 23:214–220 Google Scholar
Wolfe, K, Shepherd, T (2012) 2011 Georgia Farm Gate Value Report. AR-12-01. http://www.caes.uga.edu/center/caed/. Accessed May 2, 2013Google Scholar
Young, BG (2006) Changes in herbicide use patterns and production practices resulting from glyphosate-resistant crops. Weed Technol 20:301–307 CrossRefGoogle Scholar