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Surface-Applied Calcium Phosphate Stimulates Weed Emergence in Flooded Rice

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Mark E. Lundy ,
Albert J. Fischer ,
Chris Van Kessel ,
James E. Hill ,
Matthew D. Ruark  and
Bruce A. Linquist
Mark E. Lundy*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
Albert J. Fischer
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
Chris Van Kessel
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
James E. Hill
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
Matthew D. Ruark
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
Bruce A. Linquist
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: melundy@ucdavis.edu.
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Abstract

Weeds are the major biotic constraint to rice production. Field observations have suggested that certain fertilizer regimes could enhance infestations of particular weed species emerging with rice. The study objective was to determine the effect of surface-applied calcium phosphate on weed growth in flooded California rice systems. In field and pot studies, triple superphosphate (TSP) applied to the soil surface increased weed emergence. Surface-applied TSP increased the number of sedge and broadleaf weeds, including smallflower umbrella sedge, blue-flowered ducksalad, redstem, ricefield bulrush, waterhyssop, and California arrowhead. A laboratory study measured germination of smallflower umbrella sedge and ricefield bulrush in response to the application of phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca), which comprise 20 and 15% of TSP, respectively. Calcium stimulated smallflower umbrella sedge germination and had no effect on ricefield bulrush germination. Phosphorus did not stimulate either smallflower umbrella sedge or ricefield bulrush germination. Results indicate that surface applications of calcium phosphate increase the growth of certain weed species and that Ca may stimulate germination of smallflower umbrella sedge. By incorporating preplant applications of calcium phosphate into the soil profile, growers can reduce weed pressure from certain species. Alternatively, surface applications of calcium phosphate may be useful to stimulate weed emergence in stale-seedbed management.

Las malezas son la principal restricción biótica para la producción de arroz. Las observaciones de campo sugirieron que ciertos regímenes de fertilizantes pueden provocar infestaciones de especies particulares de malezas que emergen con el arroz. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto de la aplicación de fosfato de calcio a la superficie en el crecimiento de la maleza en sistema por inundación en las siembras de arroz en California. La aplicación de súper fosfato triple (TSP) a la superficie del suelo, incrementó la emergencia de las malezas tanto en el campo como en macetas. La aplicación de TSP incrementó el número de juncos y malezas de hoja ancha, incluyendo Cyperus difformis L., Heteranthera rotundifolia (Kunth) Griseb, Ammannia coccinea Rottb, Schoenoplectus mucronatus (L.) Palla, Bacopa spp. L y Sagittaria montevidensis Cham. & Schlecht. Un estudio de laboratorio midió la germinanción de Cyperus difformis L y Schoenoplectus mucronatus (L.) Palla como respuesta a la aplicación de fósforo (P) y Calcio (Ca), los cuales comprenden el 20 y 15% de TSP, respectivamente. El calcio estimuló la germinación de Cyperus difformis L., y no tuvo efecto alguno en la germinación de y Schoenoplectus mucronatus (L.) Palla. El fósforo no estimuló la germinación de ninguna de las dos malezas antes mencionadas. Los resultados indican que las aplicaciones de fosfato de calcio en la superficie incrementan el crecimiento de ciertas especies de maleza y que el calcio podría estimular la germinación de Cyperus difformis L. Por medio de la incorporación de aplicaciones pre-siembra de fosfato de calcio al perfil del suelo, los productores pueden reducir la presión de ciertas especies de malezas. Alternativamente, las aplicaciones de fosfato de calcio en la superficie podrían ser útiles para estimular la emergencia de malezas en el manejo de semilleros caducos.

Keywords

Blue-flowered ducksalad, Heteranthera rotundifolia (Kunth) GrisebCalifornia arrowhead, Sagittaria montevidensis Cham. & Schlechtredstem, Ammannia coccinea Rottbricefield bulrush, Schoenoplectus mucronatus (L.) Pallawaterhyssop, Bacopa spp. L.smallflower umbrella sedge, Cyperus difformis L.rice, Oryza sativa L.Fertilizer applicationphosphorusweedgerminationaquatic weedssedgesintegrated weed managementfertility management
Type
Weed Management—Major Crops
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 24 , Issue 3 , September 2010 , pp. 295 - 302
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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