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Rapid necrosis: Implications of environmental conditions and plant growth stage on 2,4-D resistance and effect of other auxinic herbicides in Sumatran fleabane (Conyza sumatrensis)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 March 2023

Paula Sinigaglia Angonese Open the ORCID record for Paula Sinigaglia Angonese [Opens in a new window] ,
Andrew Rerison Silva de Queiroz Open the ORCID record for Andrew Rerison Silva de Queiroz [Opens in a new window] ,
Liana Sinigaglia Angonese Open the ORCID record for Liana Sinigaglia Angonese [Opens in a new window] ,
Filipi Mesquita Machado Open the ORCID record for Filipi Mesquita Machado [Opens in a new window] ,
Richard Napier Open the ORCID record for Richard Napier [Opens in a new window] ,
Catarine Markus Open the ORCID record for Catarine Markus [Opens in a new window] ,
Carla A. Delatorre Open the ORCID record for Carla A. Delatorre [Opens in a new window]  and
Aldo Merotto Jr. Open the ORCID record for Aldo Merotto Jr. [Opens in a new window]
Paula Sinigaglia Angonese
Affiliation:
Graduate Student, Graduate Group of Plant Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Andrew Rerison Silva de Queiroz
Affiliation:
Graduate Student, Graduate Group of Plant Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Liana Sinigaglia Angonese
Affiliation:
Undergraduate Student, School of Agriculture, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Filipi Mesquita Machado
Affiliation:
Undergraduate Student, School of Agriculture, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Richard Napier
Affiliation:
Professor, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
Catarine Markus
Affiliation:
Professor, Crop Science Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Carla A. Delatorre
Affiliation:
Professor, Crop Science Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Aldo Merotto Jr.*
Affiliation:
Professor, Crop Science Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
*
Author for correspondence: Aldo Merotto Jr., Crop Science Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RG 90040-060, Brazil. Email: merotto@ufrgs.br
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Abstract

Resistant plants of Sumatran fleabane with unusual rapid necrosis (RN) symptoms after application of 2,4-D were characterized in previous studies. Field observations indicated variability in the occurrence of the RN caused by 2,4-D, but the causes of the variation are unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effect of environmental conditions, plant growth stage, and simultaneous and sequential herbicide mixtures with other auxin mimics on the occurrence of RN caused by 2,4-D. Application at temperature of 12 C delayed the symptoms and decreased the intensity of the RN but still resulted in plant survival to 2,4-D. The absence of light after herbicide application caused a slight delay in the symptoms, but the production of hydrogen peroxide and the size of the necrosed area were not affected by the light treatments before and after 2,4-D application. Changes in plant photosynthesis through inhibiting photosystem II do not prevent the occurrence of RN symptoms. The auxinic herbicides dicamba, triclopyr, and halauxifen-methyl do not cause RN symptoms and are effective at controlling the resistant biotype when applied without 2,4-D, but the effectiveness of these herbicides was reduced when sprayed on the resistant biotype either together, 4 h, or 24 h after 2,4-D. The RN phenotype does not occur for dicamba and triclopyr, even in advanced plant growth stages and high doses on the resistant biotype. The herbicides dicamba and triclopyr effectively controlled resistant plants, especially when sprayed at the initial growth stages. The results of this study identify environmental effects, plant development effects, and herbicide interactions that interfere with the occurrence of RN symptoms caused by 2,4-D in Sumatran fleabane. These data provide insights about the mechanisms behind the RN symptoms caused by 2,4-D and are important for identifying the causes of variability of the herbicide symptomology and performance under experimental and field conditions.

Keywords

2,4-Ddicambatriclopyrhalauxifen-methylSumatran fleabane, Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) E. WalkerAuxinic herbicide resistancelow temperaturelight effectphotosynthesis inhibitors
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 37 , Issue 2 , April 2023 , pp. 174 - 184
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Weed Science Society of America

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Charles Geddes, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

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