Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-vfjqv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T03:12:14.426Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Nutrient Effects on Parasitism and Germination of Egyptian Broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Rakesh Jain  and
Chester L. Foy
Rakesh Jain
Affiliation:
Dep. Plant Pathol., Physiol. and Weed Sci., Va. Polytech. Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA 24061
Chester L. Foy
Affiliation:
Dep. Plant Pathol., Physiol. and Weed Sci., Va. Polytech. Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA 24061
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The influence of various nutrients on parasitism of tomato plants by Egyptian broomrape and on stimulation of broomrape seed germination by strigol analogs was investigated in greenhouse and laboratory experiments. Parasitism occurred most readily in potting media low in fertility. Addition of nitrogenous compounds to potting media resulted in inhibition of broomrape parasitism. Ammonium nitrate with potassium phosphate or ammonium phosphate alone was most effective in reducing parasitism and enhancing growth of tomato plants. In the laboratory, strigol analogs induced 55% germination in broomrape seeds preconditioned in distilled water. Seeds preconditioned in distilled water or various salt solutions, but not treated with strigol analogs, showed 18% germination. GR 24 (5 μM) induced higher germination in seeds preconditioned in 10 mM ammonium nitrate, with or without potassium phosphate, compared with seeds preconditioned in sodium chloride. Preconditioning of seeds in sodium nitrate (10 mM) and treating with GR 24 stimulated, whereas preconditioning of seeds in ammonium salts (1 mM ammonium sulfate or 10 mM urea) and treating with GR 24 inhibited germination significantly.

Keywords

Egyptian broomrape, Orobanche aegyptiaca Perstomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ‘Rutgers'Seed preconditioningstrigol analogsnitrogenous compounds
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 6 , Issue 2 , June 1992 , pp. 269 - 275
Copyright
Copyright © 1990 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Abu-Irmaileh, B. E. 1979. Effect of various fertilizers on broomrape (Orobanche ramosa) infestation of tomatoes. p. 278–284 in Musselman, L. J., Worsham, A. D., and Eplee, R. E., eds. Proc. Second. Int. Symp. Parasitic Weeds, N. C. State Univ., Raleigh, N.C. Google Scholar
2. Abu-Irmaileh, B. E. 1981. Response of hemp broomrape (Orobanche ramosa) infestation to some nitrogenous compounds. Weed Sci. 29: 8–10.Google Scholar
3. Agabawi, K. A., and Younis, A. E. 1985. Effect of nitrogen application on growth and nitrogen content of Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. and Sorghum vulgare Lur. grown for forage. Plant Soil 23:295–304.Google Scholar
4. Agbobli, C. A. 1991. Effect of nitrogen rates on Striga asiatica emergence in maize culture in Togo. p. 28–30 in Ransom, J. K., Musselman, L. J., Worsham, A. D., and Parker, C., eds. Proc. Fifth Int. Symp. Parasitic Weeds. CIMMYT, Nairobi, Kenya.Google Scholar
5. Babiker, A.G.T., and Hamdoun, A. M. 1982. Factors affecting the activity of GR 7 in stimulating germination of Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. Weed Res. 22:111–116.Google Scholar
6. Babiker, A.G.T., and Reda, F. 1991. Recent advances in Striga research in Sudan and Ethiopia. p. 180–189 in Ransom, J. K., Musselman, L. J., Worsham, A. D., and Parker, C., eds. Proc. Fifth Int. Symp. Parasitic Weeds. CIMMYT, Nairobi, Kenya.Google Scholar
7. Borg, S. J. ter. 1986. Effects of environmental factors on Orobanche- host relationship: a review and some recent results. p. 25–34 in ter Borg, S. J., ed. Proc. Workshop on Biology and Control of Orobanche. LH/VPO, Wageningen, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
8. Brown, R. 1965. The germination of angiospermous parasitic seeds. Encycl. Plant Physiol. 15:925–932.Google Scholar
9. Brown, R., and Edwards, M. 1945. Effects of thiourea and allylthiourea on the germination of the seeds of Striga lutea. Nature 155:455–456.Google Scholar
10. Cook, C. E., Whichard, L. P., Turner, B., Wall, M. E., and Egley, G. H. 1966. Germination of witchweed (Striga lutea Lour.): isolation and properties of a potent stimulant. Science 154:1189–1190.Google Scholar
11. Cook, C. E., Whichard, L. P., Wall, M. E., Egley, G. H., Coggon, P., Luhan, P. A., and McPhail, A. T. 1972. Germination stimulants. II. The structure of strigol—a potent seed germination stimulant for witchweed (Striga lutea Lour.). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 94:6198–6199.Google Scholar
12. Council on Soil Testing and Plant Analysis. 1974. Handbook on Reference Methods for Soil Testing. Athens, Ga. 101 p.Google Scholar
13. Drennan, D.S.H., and El-Hiweris, S. O. 1979. Changes in growth regulation substances in Sorghum vulgare infected by Striga hermonthica. p. 144–155 in Musselman, L. J., Worsham, A. D., and Eplee, R. E., eds. Proc. Second Int. Symp. Parasitic Weeds, N. C. State Univ., Raleigh, N.C. Google Scholar
14. Egley, G. H. 1971. Mineral nutrition and the parasite-host relationship of witchweed. Weed Sci. 19:528–533.Google Scholar
15. Ernst, W.H.O. 1986. Mineral nutrition of Nicotiana tabacum cv. Bursana during infection by Orobanche ramosa. p. 80–85 in ter Borg, S. J., ed. Proc. Workshop on the Biology and Control of Orobanche. LH/VPO, Wageningen, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
16. Farina, M.P.W., Thomas, P.E.L., and Channon, P. 1985. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium effects on the incidence of Striga asiatica (L.) Ktze. in maize. Weed Res. 25:443–447.Google Scholar
17. Gharib, M. S. 1973. Biological and economical aspects of the broom-rapes, Orobanche spp., in Northern Iraq. p. 44–47 in Proc. Eur. Weed Res. Counc. Symp. Parasitic Weeds, Malta.Google Scholar
18. Gworgwor, N. A., and Weber, H. C. 1991. Effect of nitrogen fertilization and resistant variety on Striga hermonthica infestation in sorghum. p. 96–103 in Ransom, J. K., Musselman, L. J., Worsham, A. D., and Parker, C., eds. Proc. Fifth Int. Symp. Parasitic Weeds. CIMMYT, Nairobi, Kenya.Google Scholar
19. Hoagland, D. R., and Arnon, D. I. 1950. The water culture method for growing plants without soil. Calif. Agric. Exp. Stn. Circ. No. 547. 32 p.Google Scholar
20. Jain, R., and Foy, C. L. 1989. Broomrapes (Orobanche spp.): a potential threat to U.S. broadleaf crops. Weed Technol. 3:608–614.Google Scholar
21. Johnson, A. W., Gowda, G., Hassanali, A., Knox, J., Monaco, S., Rozaviz, Z., and Roseberry, G. 1981. The preparation of synthetic analogues of strigol. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1:1734–1743.Google Scholar
22. Johnson, A. W., Roseberry, G., and Parker, C. 1976. A novel approach to Striga and Orobanche control using synthetic germination stimulants. Weed Res. 16:223–227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23. Kadry, A. El R., and Tewfic, H. 1956. Seed germination in Orobanche crenata. Svensk. Bot. Tidskr. 50:270–286.Google Scholar
24. Musselman, L. J. 1980. The biology of Striga, Orobanche, and other root-parasitic weeds. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 18:463–489.Google Scholar
25. Okonkwo, S.N.C. In vitro growth response of cultured germinated seeds of witchweed (Striga asiatica), p. 155–163 in Ransom, J. K., Musselman, L. J., Worsham, A. D., and Parker, C., eds. Proc. Fifth Int. Symp. Parasitic Weeds. CIMMYT, Nairobi, Kenya.Google Scholar
26. Pesch, C., and Pieterse, A. H. 1982. Inhibition of germination in Striga by means of urea. Experientia 38:559–560.Google Scholar
27. Pieterse, A. H., and Verkleij, J.A.C. 1991. Effect of soil conditions on Striga development—a review. p. 329–339 in Ransom, J. K., Musselman, L. J., Worsham, A. D., and Parker, C., eds. Proc. Fifth Int. Symp. Parasitic Weeds. CIMMYT, Nairobi, Kenya.Google Scholar
28. Raju, P. S., Osman, M. A., Soman, P., and Peacock, J. M. 1990. Effects of N, P and K on Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntze seed germination and infestation of sorghum. Weed Res. 30:139–144.Google Scholar
29. Saghir, A. R. 1979. Strigol analogues and their potential for Orobanche control. p. 238–244 in Musselman, L. J., Worsham, A. D., and Eplee, R. E. eds., Proc. Second Int. Symp. Parasitic Weeds, N. C. State Univ., Raleigh, N.C. Google Scholar
30. Singh, L., Ndikawa, R., and Rao, M. R. 1991. Integrated approach to Striga management on sorghum in north Cameroon. p. 223–231 in Ransom, J. K., Musselman, L. J., Worsham, A. D., and Parker, C., eds. Proc. Fifth Int. Symp. Parasitic Weeds. CIMMYT, Nairobi, Kenya.Google Scholar
31. Stevens, R. A., and Eplee, R. E. 1979. Striga germination stimulants. p. 211–214 in Musselman, L. J., Worsham, A. D., and Eplee, R. E., eds. Proc. Second Int. Symp. Parasitic Weeds, N. C. State Univ., Raleigh, N.C. Google Scholar
32. Van Hezewijk, M. J., Linke, K. H., Verkleij, J.A.C., and Pieterse, A. H. 1991. The effect of ammonium fertilizer in combination with nitrification inhibitors on Orobanche crenata infestation in faba bean. p. 470–480 in Ransom, J. K., Musselman, L. J., Worsham, A. D., and Parker, C., eds. Proc. Fifth Int. Symp. Parasitic Weeds. CIMMYT, Nairobi, Kenya.Google Scholar
33. Williams, C. N. 1961. Effect of inoculum size and nutrition on the host/parasite relations of Striga senegalensis on sorghum. Plant Soil 15: 1–12.Google Scholar
34. Yaduraju, N. T., Hosmani, M. M., and Prabhakara Setty, T. K. 1979. Effect of time and dose of nitrogen application on Striga asiatica incidence in sorghum. p. 16–19 in Musselman, L. J., Worsham, A. D., and Eplee, R. E., eds. Proc. Second Int. Symp. Parasitic Weeds, N. C. State Univ., Raleigh, N.C. Google Scholar