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Japanese Foxtail (Alopecurus japonicus) Management in Wheat in China: Seed Germination, Seedling Emergence, and Response to Herbicide Treatments

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 December 2017

Hengzhi Wang ,
Yizhao Huang ,
Lele Zhang ,
Weitang Liu  and
Jinxin Wang
Hengzhi Wang
Affiliation:
Graduate Student, Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Tai’an, China
Yizhao Huang
Affiliation:
Graduate Student, Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Tai’an, China
Lele Zhang
Affiliation:
Graduate Student, Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Tai’an, China
Weitang Liu*
Affiliation:
Lecturer, Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Tai’an, China
Jinxin Wang*
Affiliation:
Professor, Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Tai’an, China
*
Weitang Liu, Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Tai’an 271018, PR China. (E-mail: liuwt@sdau.edu.cn)
Authors for correspondence: Jinxin Wang, Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Tai’an 271018, PR China. (E-mail: wangjx@sdau.edu.cn)
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Abstract

Little information is published related to seed germination and seedling emergence of Japanese foxtail, a troublesome annual grass weed widely distributed in winter wheat fields in China. Three Japanese foxtail populations were studied under laboratory and greenhouse conditions, to determine the effects of different environmental factors on seed germination or seedling emergence. Chemical control is absolutely necessary in integrated management, and efficacy of POST herbicides against different growth stages of Japanese foxtail was evaluated. Germination rate was 90% or more when temperature ranged from 5 to 25 C, with germination onset shortened as temperature increased. Light was not required for germination to occur. For pH values ranging from 5 to10 there was no effect on seed germination. Japanese foxtail seed germination was sensitive to osmotic stress and completely inhibited at an osmotic potential of -1.1 MPa. The ‘1513’ population of Japanese foxtail demonstrated tolerance to soil salinity, with 98% germination at 80 mM NaCl compared with 25 and 40% germination for populations ‘1532’ and ‘1544’, respectively. High amounts of crop residue (10 t ha−1) suppressed Japanese foxtail emergence 38 to 55%. Germination of seeds placed at 160 C for 5 min was completely inhibited for dry seeds, with a similar effect at 130 C for pre-soaked seeds. Seed burial in the soil from 0 to 4 cm had no effect on seedling emergence, but burial at 7 cm completely inhibited seedling emergence. POST herbicides mesosulfuron-methyl (13.5 g ai ha−1), clodinafop-propargyl (67.5 g ai ha−1), pyroxsulam (13.5 g ai ha−1), pinoxaden (67.5 g ai ha−1) and isoproturon (1125 g ai ha−1) reduced plant dry weight 80% or more when applied at three- to seven-leaf stage, but control declined with application at later growth stages. The information from this study helps to develop an integrated approach to Japanese foxtail management.

Keywords

Lawrence E. Steckel, University of TennesseeClodinafop-propargylisoproturonmesosulfuron-methylpinoxadenpyroxsulamJapanese foxtail, Alopecurus japonicus Steud ALOJABurial depthheat shocklightosmotic potentialpHpostemergenceresiduesalt stresstemperature
Type
Weed Biology and Competition
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 32 , Issue 2 , April 2018 , pp. 211 - 220
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2017 

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