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Influence of Soybean Seeding Rate, Row Spacing, and Herbicide Programs on the Control of Resistant Waterhemp in Glufosinate-Resistant Soybean

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

John L. Schultz ,
D. Brenton Myers  and
Kevin W. Bradley
John L. Schultz
Affiliation:
Division of Plant Sciences, 201 Waters Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
D. Brenton Myers
Affiliation:
Division of Plant Sciences, 201 Waters Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
Kevin W. Bradley*
Affiliation:
Division of Plant Sciences, 201 Waters Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: BradleyKe@missouri.edu.
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Abstract

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Field experiments were conducted in 2012 and 2013 to determine the effects of row spacing, seeding rate, and herbicide programs on multiple-resistant waterhemp control and yield in glufosinate-resistant soybean. The two herbicide programs evaluated were: (1) a PRE application of fomesafen plus S-metolachlor followed by early POST application of glufosinate plus acetochlor, referred to as the PRE followed by (fb) POST with residual (w/RES) herbicide program; and (2) an early POST followed by a late POST application of glufosinate, referred to as the two-pass POST herbicide program. Results indicate that the PRE fb POST w/RES program provides greater control of resistant waterhemp compared to the two-pass POST herbicide program. In 2012, the PRE fb POST w/RES program resulted in a 99% waterhemp density reduction and 156 kg ha−1 increase in yield compared to the 72% density reduction by the two-pass POST program. In 2013, the two-pass POST program was equally as effective on density reduction and yield as the PRE fb POST w/RES program. Waterhemp control and density reduction was always greatest with 19- and 38- compared to 76-cm rows. In 2012, the PRE fb POST w/RES program provided at least 95% control and greater than 98% density reduction across all row spacings, whereas the two-pass POST program provided 95%, 95%, and 85% control and 87%, 80%, and 50% density reduction in 19-, 38-, and 76-cm rows, respectively. Soybean seeding rate did not affect waterhemp control or density in either year. In both years, 165,000 seeds ha−1 yielded lower than the three higher seeding rates. Overall, results from these experiments indicates that the use of a PRE fb POST w/RES program, narrow-row spacing, and seeding rates of 240,000 to 315,000 seeds ha−1 or greater provides the greatest waterhemp control, density reduction, and soybean yield when multiple resistant waterhemp is present.

En 2012 y 2013, se realizaron experimentos de campo para determinar los efectos de la distancia entre hileras, la densidad de siembra, y los programas de herbicidas sobre el control de Amaranthus rudis resistente a múltiples herbicidas y sobre el rendimiento de soja resistente a glufosinate. Los dos programas de herbicidas evaluados fueron: (1) una aplicación PRE de fomesafen más S-metolachlor seguida de una aplicación POST temprana de glufosinate más acetochlor, el cual se designó como el programa de PRE seguido de (fb) POST con herbicida residual (w/RES); y (2) una aplicación POST temprana seguida por una aplicación POST tardía de glufosinate, el cual fue designado como el programa de dos pases con herbicida POST. Los resultados indican que el programa PRE fb POST w/RES brinda mayor control de A. rudis resistente que el programa con dos pases con herbicida POST. En 2012, el programa PRE fb POST w/RES resultó en una reducción de 99% de la densidad de A. rudis y 156 kg ha−1 de incremento en el rendimiento en comparación con una reducción de la densidad de 72% con el programa de dos pases POST. En 2013, el programa de dos pases POST fue igualmente efectivo con respecto a la reducción en la densidad de la maleza y el rendimiento del cultivo que el programa PRE fb POST w/RES. El control de A. rudis y la reducción en la densidad de sus poblaciones fueron siempre mayores en hileras espaciadas a 19 y 28 que a 76 cm. En el 2012, el programa PRE fb POST w/RES brindó al menos 95% de control y una reducción en la densidad superior a 98% en todas las distancias entre hileras, mientras que el programa de dos pases POST brindó 95%, 95%, y 85% de control y 87%, 80%, y 50% de reducción en la densidad en hileras espaciadas a 19, 38, y 76 cm, respectivamente. La densidad de siembra de la soja no afectó el control de A. rudis o su densidad en ningún año. En ambos años, 165,000 semillas ha−1 tuvo un menor rendimiento que las tres densidades de siembra más altas. En general, los resultados de estos experimentos indican que el uso de un programa PRE fb POST w/RES, distancia entre hileras menores, y densidades de siembra de 240,000 a 315,000 semillas ha−1 o mayores brindan el mayor control de A. rudis, la mayor reducción en sus poblaciones, y el mayor rendimiento de la soja cuando A. rudis con resistencia múltiple está presente.

Keywords

Common waterhemp, Amaranthus rudis Sauersoybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr.Pigweedsoybean row spacingweed control
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 29 , Issue 2 , June 2015 , pp. 169 - 176
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

References

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