Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-nmvwc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-23T01:36:37.283Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Herbicides Reduce Seed Production in Reproductive-Stage Yellow Starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Vanelle F. Carrithers ,
Cindy Talbott Roché ,
Dean R. Gaiser ,
Denise Horton ,
Celestine L. Duncan  and
Peter N. Scherer
Vanelle F. Carrithers*
Affiliation:
Dow AgroSciences, 28884 South Marshall Road, Mulino, OR 97042
Cindy Talbott Roché
Affiliation:
109 Meadow View Drive, Phoenix, OR 97535
Dean R. Gaiser
Affiliation:
Dow AgroSciences, P.O. Box 610, Newman Lake, WA 99025
Denise Horton
Affiliation:
1801 North B Street, Ellensburg, WA 98926
Celestine L. Duncan
Affiliation:
Weed Management Services, P.O. Box 1385, Helena, MT 59604
Peter N. Scherer
Affiliation:
Dow AgroSciences, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: vfcarrithers@dow.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Herbicides with residual activity more effectively control infestations of yellow starthistle, a facultative winter annual, because seed banks quickly furnish replacement plants after nonresidual herbicide treatments. Picloram has been applied to rosettes in fall or spring, but new infestations of yellow starthistle are often discovered when plants are more noticeable in bud or flower stages. Eradication, containment, and revegetation are facilitated if weed seed rain can be stopped. This study evaluated whether registered rates (0.14, 0.28, and 0.42 kg ae/ha) of picloram, alone and with 2,4-D at 1.12 kg ae/ha, can prevent seed production when applied to yellow starthistle at bud or flower stage. Picloram applied at bud stage curtailed both seed production and germination, reducing seed production by 42 to 86% and viability by 80 to 99%. Neither the picloram rate nor the addition of 2,4-D to the spray solution affected the percentage of nonviable seeds. The addition of 2,4-D further decreased germination of developed seeds only at the lowest picloram rate. At flower stage, picloram and 2,4-D neither killed mature plants nor consistently reduced the quantity and quality (viability) of seeds. Bud stage was the phenological limit for effective reduction of viable seed by picloram, which caused both bud abortion and lower seed germination.

Keywords

2,4-Dpicloramyellow starthistle, Centaurea solstitialis L. #3 CENSOHerbicide timingreproductive-stage applicationseed germinationweed seed yield.
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 18 , Issue 4 , December 2004 , pp. 1065 - 1071
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Andersson, L. 1996. Characteristics of seeds and seedlings from weeds treated with sublethal herbicide doses. Weed Res 36:55–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barker, R. J. 1982. Soil Survey of Idaho County Area, Idaho, Western Part. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
Benefield, C. B., DiTomaso, J. M., Kyser, G. B., and Tschohl, A. 2001. Reproductive biology of yellow starthistle: maximizing late season control. Weed Sci. 49:83–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Biniak, B. M. and Aldrich, R. J. 1986. Reducing velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) and giant foxtail (Setaria faberi) seed production with simulated-roller herbicide applications. Weed Sci. 34:256–259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borman, M. M., Johnson, D. E., and Krueger, W. C. 1992. Soil moisture extraction by vegetation in a Mediterranean/maritime climatic regime. Agron. J 84:897–904.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Callihan, R. H., Northam, F. E., Johnson, J. B., Michalson, E. L., and Prather, T. S. 1989. Yellow Starthistle, Biology and Management in Pasture and Rangeland. Moscow, ID: University of Idaho Cooperative Extension Service CIS 634. 4 p.Google Scholar
Callihan, R. H., Prather, T. S., and Northam, F. E. 1993. Longevity of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) achenes in soil. Weed Technol. 7:33–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DiTomaso, J. M., Kyser, G. B., and Hastings, M. S. 1999a. Prescribed burning for control of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) and enhanced native plant diversity. Weed Sci. 47:233–242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DiTomaso, J. M., Kyser, G. B., Orloff, S. B., Enloe, S. F., and Nader, G. A. 1999b. New growth regulator herbicide provides excellent control of yellow starthistle. Calif. Agric 53/2:12–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Enloe, S., DiTomaso, J., Orloff, S., and Drake, D. 1999. Integrated management of yellow starthistle on California rangelands. Proc. Calif. Weed Sci. Soc 51:24–27.Google Scholar
Evans, R. A., Kay, B. L., and McKell, C. M. 1963. Herbicides to prevent seed set or germination of medusahead. Weeds 11:273–276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fawcett, R. S. and Slife, F. W. 1978. Effects of 2,4-D and dalapon on weed seed production and dormancy. Weed Sci. 26:543–547.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gerlach, J. D. 1997. How the West was lost: reconstructing the invasion dynamics of yellow starthistle and other plant invaders of western rangelands and natural areas:. Web page: http://www.caleppc.org/documents/ newsletter515.htm. Accessed: September 15, 2004.Google Scholar
Harrod, R. J. and Taylor, R. J. 1995. Reproduction and pollination biology of Centaurea and Acroptilon species, with emphasis on C. diffusa . Northwest Sci 69:97–105.Google Scholar
Insightful Corporation. 1999. S-Plus 2000 Programmer's Guide. Seattle, WA: Insightful Corporation. 868 p.Google Scholar
Isaacs, M. A., Murdock, E. C., Toler, J. E., and Wallace, S. U. 1989. Effects of late-season herbicide applications on sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) seed production and viability. Weed Sci. 37:761–765.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joley, D. B., Maddox, D. M., Mackey, B. E., Schoenig, S. E., and Casanave, K. A. 1997. Effect of light and temperature on germination of dimorphic achenes of Centaurea solstitialis in California. Can. J. Bot 75:2131–2139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joley, D. B., Maddox, D. M., Supkoff, D. M., and Mayfield, A. 1992. Dynamics of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) achenes in field and laboratory. Weed Sci. 40:190–194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Larson, L. L. and McInnis, M. L. 1989a. Impact of grass seedlings on establishment and density of diffuse knapweed and yellow starthistle. Northwest Sci 63:162–166.Google Scholar
Larson, L. L. and McInnis, M. L. 1989b. Response of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) and grass biomass to grass, picloram and fertilizer combinations. Weed Technol. 3:497–500.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maddox, D. M. 1981. Introduction, Phenology, and Density of Yellow Starthistle in Coastal, Intercoastal, and Central Valley Situations in California. USDA ARS ARR-W-20. 33 p.Google Scholar
Maddox, D. M., Joley, D. B., Supkoff, D. M., and Mayfield, A. 1996. Pollination biology of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) in California. Can. J. Bot 74:262–267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maddox, D. M., Mayfield, A., and Poritz, N. H. 1985. Distribution of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) and Russian knapweed (Centaurea repens). Weed Sci. 33:315–327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maun, M. A. and Cavers, P. B. 1969. Effects of 2,4-D on seed production and embryo development of curly dock. Weed Sci. 17:533–536.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Northam, F. E. and Callihan, R. H. 1994. Interpreting germination results based on differing embryonic emergence criteria. Weed Sci. 42:474–481.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pitcairn, M. J., Woods, D. M., Joley, D. B., and Popescu, V. 2002. Seven-year population buildup and combined impact of biological control insects on yellow starthistle. in Woods, D. M., ed. Biological Control Program Annual Summary, 2001. Sacramento, CA: California Department of Food and Agriculture, Plant Health and Pest Prevention Services. Pp. 57–59.Google Scholar
Roché, B. F. Jr. 1965. Ecologic Studies of Yellow Starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L). Ph.D. dissertation. University of Idaho, Moscow, ID. 78 p.Google Scholar
Roché, B. F. Jr. 1992. Achene dispersal in yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L). Northwest Sci 66:62–65.Google Scholar
Roché, B. F. Jr., Roché, C. T., and Chapman, R. C. 1994. Impacts of grassland habitat on yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L.) invasion. Northwest Sci 68:86–96.Google Scholar
Roché, C. T., Thill, D. C., and Shafii, B. 1997. Reproductive phenology in yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis). Weed Sci. 45:763–770.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shaw, D. R. and Hydrick, D. E. 1993. Effect of imazaquin and chlorimuron plus metribuzin on sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) seed production and germination. Weed Technol. 7:681–685.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sheley, R. L. and Larson, L. L. 1994. Observation: comparative live-history of cheatgrass and yellow starthistle. J. Range Manag 47:450–456.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, L., Balciunas, J., and Pitcairn, M. J. 2001. Biological control of yellow starthistle. Proc. Calif. Weed Sci. Soc 53:105–106.Google Scholar
Sun, M. and Ritland, K. 1998. Mating system of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis), a successful colonizer in North America. Heredity 80:225–232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, S. E. and Oliver, L. R. 1997. Sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) seed production and viability as influenced by late-season postemergence herbicide applications. Weed Sci. 45:497–501.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylorson, R. B. 1966. Control of seed production in three annual grasses by dimethylarsinic acid. Weeds 14:207–210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomsen, C. D., Williams, W. A., Vayssiéres, M., Turner, C. E., and Lanini, W. T. 1996. Yellow Starthistle Biology and Control. Davis, CA: University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources Publ. 21541. 19 p.Google Scholar
Tisdale, E. W. 1986. Canyon Grasslands and Associated Shrublands of West-central Idaho and Adjacent Areas. Moscow, ID: University of Idaho Forest, Wildlife and Range Experiment Station Bull. 40. 42 p.Google Scholar
Woods, D. M., Pitcairn, M. J., Joley, D. B., and Popescu, V. 2002. Seasonal impact of yellow starthistle biological control insects. in Woods, D. M., ed. Biological Control Program Annual Summary, 2001. Sacramento, CA: California Department of Food and Agriculture, Plant Health and Pest Prevention Services. Pp. 60–62.Google Scholar