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Fermentation Strategies for Improving the Fitness of a Bioherbicide

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Mark A. Jackson ,
David A. Schisler ,
Patricia J. Slininger ,
C. Douglas Boyette ,
Robert W. Silman  and
Rodney J. Bothast
Mark A. Jackson
Affiliation:
Ferm. Biochem. Res. Unit, USDA-ARS-NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604
David A. Schisler
Affiliation:
Ferm. Biochem. Res. Unit, USDA-ARS-NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604
Patricia J. Slininger
Affiliation:
Ferm. Biochem. Res. Unit, USDA-ARS-NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604
C. Douglas Boyette
Affiliation:
South. Weed Sci. Lab., USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776
Robert W. Silman
Affiliation:
Ferm. Biochem. Res. Unit, USDA-ARS-NCAUR 61604
Rodney J. Bothast
Affiliation:
Ferm. Biochem. Res. Unit, USDA-ARS-NCAUR 61604
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Abstract

The commercial development of microbial bioherbicides requires the availability of low-cost production methods. The use of liquid culture fermentation is generally considered necessary to achieve this goal. Our strategy for optimizing liquid culture media is based on using defined nutritional conditions. Specific changes are made in the nutritional environment of the medium and the effect of these changes is assessed in terms of propagule yield, efficacy, and stability of the bioherbicidal agent. Liquid culture studies with the fungus Colletotrichum truncatum have demonstrated that nutrition impacts not only spore yield but also spore efficacy in controlling the weed hemp sesbania. Nutritional conditions were identified which suppressed sporulation and promoted the production of high concentrations of C. truncatum microsclerotia in liquid culture. Microsclerotia of C. truncatum (particle size range = 180 μm to 425 μm) showed promise as bioherbicidal propagules due to their stability as a dry preparation and their efficacy in controlling hemp sesbania when used as a soil amendment. By understanding how nutrition impacts propagule formation, yield, efficacy, and stability, rational approaches can be taken to develop submerged culture production methods for microbial biocontrol agents. Breakthroughs in these areas should allow numerous promising bioherbicidal agents to become commercial products.

Keywords

Hemp sesbania, Sesbania exaltata (Ref.) Rydb. ex A. W. HillBiocontrolmicrosclerotiaColletotrichum truncatumSesbania exaltata
Type
Symposium
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 10 , Issue 3 , September 1996 , pp. 645 - 650
Copyright
Copyright © 1996 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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