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Efficacy of Preplant Corn and Soybean Herbicides on Star-of-Bethlehem (Ornithogalum umbellatum) in No-Till Crop Production

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Nathan R. Johanning ,
Julie M. Young  and
Bryan G. Young
Nathan R. Johanning
Affiliation:
Department of Plant, Soil, and Agricultural Systems, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901
Julie M. Young
Affiliation:
Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
Bryan G. Young*
Affiliation:
Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: BryanYoung@purdue.edu.
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Abstract

Field research was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of preplant herbicides commonly used in no-till corn and soybean production and to determine the efficacy of three application timings in the spring for star-of-Bethlehem bulb management. A single, preplant application of herbicide treatments that included flumioxazin, sulfentrazone, or paraquat resulted in 91 to 97% control of star-of-Bethlehem at 14 d after treatment (DAT). Star-of-Bethlehem control from atrazine and metribuzin was moderate (70 to 75%) at the Marion location but poor (< 20%) at Murphysboro. Regardless of the initial foliar control at 14 DAT from treatments included in the corn and soybean herbicide screen, only applications containing paraquat resulted in extensive control (75 to 86%) of star-of-Bethlehem foliar regrowth by 1 yr after treatment. Star-of-Bethlehem was most responsive to herbicide applications in mid-March in southern Illinois when compared with applications made March 1 and April 11. The mid-March application timing corresponded to the vegetative reproductive stage, approximately 3 wk prior to flowering. The average density of star-of-Bethlehem bulbs in nontreated plots occupied 7.9% of the field soil volume in the upper 7.6 cm of the soil profile. Spring applications of paraquat (repeated 2 yr consecutively) reduced bulb density in the soil by 88%, compared with 5% or less bulb reduction for consecutive applications of glyphosate or 2,4-D ester applied alone. Overall, paraquat and paraquat tank mixtures provided the most effective and consistent control of star-of-Bethlehem foliage and underground bulbs, which is paramount for long-term management of this invasive species.

Una investigación de campo fue realizada para evaluar la eficacia de herbicidas presiembra comúnmente usados en la producción de maíz y soja bajo labranza cero y para determinar su eficacia en tres momentos de aplicación en la primavera para el manejo de bulbos de Ornithogalum umbellatum. Una única aplicación en presiembra de tratamientos de herbicidas que incluyeron ya fuera flumioxazin, sulfentrazone, o paraquat resultaron en 91 a 97% de control de O. umbellatum a 14 d después del tratamiento (DAT). El control de O. umbellatum con atrazine y metribuzin fue moderado (70 a 75%) en la localidad de Marion pero pobre (< 20%) en Murphysboro. Sin importar el control foliar inicial a 14 DAT con los tratamientos incluidos en la evaluación de herbicidas en maíz y soja, solamente las aplicaciones que contenían paraquat resultaron en un control extensivo (75 a 86%) del rebrote foliar de O. umbellatum a 1 año después del tratamiento. O. umbellatum respondió más a las aplicaciones de herbicidas en la mitad de Marzo en el sur de Illinois cuando se comparó con aplicaciones hechas el 1 de Marzo y el 11 de Abril. El momento de aplicación en la mitad de Marzo correspondió con el estadio de reproducción vegetativa, aproximadamente 3 semanas antes de la floración. La densidad promedio de bulbos de O. umbellatum en parcelas sin tratamiento ocupó el 7.9% del volumen del suelo en el campo en los 7.6 cm superiores del perfil del suelo. Las aplicaciones en la primavera de paraquat (repetidas consecutivamente por 2 años) redujeron la densidad de bulbos en el suelo en 88%, al compararse con 5% o menos de reducción de bulbos para aplicaciones consecutivas de glyphosate o 2,4-D ester aplicados solos. En general, paraquat y mezclas en tanque con paraquat brindaron el control más efectivo y consistente del follaje y los bulbos de O. umbellatum, lo que es indispensable para el manejo a largo plazo de esta nueva especie invasiva.

Keywords

Asexual propagule managementbulbous perennial weedinvasive plantLiliaceae (Lily family)
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 30 , Issue 2 , June 2016 , pp. 391 - 400
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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Footnotes

Associate Editor for this paper: Bradley Hanson, University of California, Davis.

References

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