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Effects of Simulated Rainfall on Disease Development and Weed Control of the Bioherbicidal Fungi Alternaria cassiae and Colletotrichum truncatum

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

C. Douglas Boyette ,
Charles T. Bryson ,
Robert E. Hoagland  and
Mark A. Weaver
C. Douglas Boyette*
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS, Southern Weed Science Research Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776
Charles T. Bryson
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS, Southern Weed Science Research Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776
Robert E. Hoagland
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS, Southern Weed Science Research Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776
Mark A. Weaver
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS, Southern Weed Science Research Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776
*
Corresponding author's email: doug.boyette@ars.usda.gov
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Abstract

Alternaria cassiae and Colletotrichum truncatum are bioherbicidal pathogens of sicklepod, and hemp sesbania, respectively. The effects of simulated rainfall followed by 12 h simulated dew application, immediately or delayed by 1 to 4 h, on disease severity and weed control were studied for each pathogen on its weed host under greenhouse conditions. After each simulated rainfall event, treated plants were placed in a dew chamber for 12 h. Regardless of rainfall amount and/or timing, only slight differences occurred on A. cassiae disease severity and sicklepod control (85 to 100% for both parameters). However, when similar tests were imposed on C. truncatum, disease severity and hemp sesbania control were highly variable, ranging from 5 to 100%. Regardless of rainfall amount, disease development and control of hemp sesbania were greatly reduced (60%) when dew application was delayed by only 1 h following inoculation, regardless of rainfall treatment. Rainfall at 1.27 and 2.58 cm had little effect on disease development and control in hemp sesbania, but the effect of transfer time to dew application exhibited a greater role on these parameters. Thus the time between bioherbicide application and dew application was more important for C. truncatum than for A. cassiae. These results indicate that rainfall amounts and the timing of dew application caused differential effects on disease severity and weed control after application of these bioherbicides to their target weeds.

Alternaria cassiae y Colletotrichum truncatum son patógenos bioherbicidas de Senna obtusifolia y Sesbania exaltata, respectivamente. Se realizó un estudio bajo condiciones de invernadero para evaluar los efectos de lluvia simulada seguida inmediatamente o con retraso de 1a 4 h por 12 h de aplicación de rocío simulado, sobre la severidad de las enfermedades y el control de malezas para cada patógeno en su maleza hospedera. Después de cada lluvia simulada, las plantas tratadas se colocaron en una cámara de rocío por 12 h. Sin importar la cantidad de lluvia y/o el momento de aplicación, en A. cassiae solo ocurrieron leves diferencias en la severidad de las enfermedades y en el control de S. obtusifolia (85–100% para ambos parámetros). Sin embargo, cuando pruebas similares se impusieron a C. truncatum, la severidad de las enfermedades y el control de S. exaltata fueron altamente variables, con un rango de 5 a 100%. Sin importar la cantidad de lluvia, el desarrollo de la enfermedad y el control de la S. exaltata se redujeron dramáticamente (60%), cuando la aplicación de rocío se retrasó por solamente 1 h después de la inoculación, sin importar el tratamiento con lluvia. La lluvia a 1.27 y 2.58 cm tuvo poco efecto en el desarrollo de la enfermedad y en el control en S. exaltata, pero el efecto del tiempo entre transferencia y la aplicación de rocío jugó un papel más importante en estos parámetros. De tal manera, el tiempo entre la aplicación del bioherbicida y la del rocío fue más importante para C. truncatum que para A. cassiae. Estos resultados indican que las cantidades de lluvia y el momento de la aplicación del rocío causaron efectos diferenciales en la severidad de las enfermedades y el control de maleza después de la aplicación de estos bio-herbicidas a la maleza destino.

Keywords

Hemp sesbania [Sesbania exaltata (Rydb.)] ex A.W. Hill sicklepod [Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin & Barneby]Alternaria cassiae Jurair & KhanColletotrichum truncatum (Schw.) Andrews and MooreBiocontrolbioherbicidesimulated rainfallrainfastnesswash off
Type
Weed Biology and Competition
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 26 , Issue 1 , March 2012 , pp. 117 - 121
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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