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Colorimetric assay for detecting mechanical damage to weed seeds

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 November 2019

Brian J. Schutte Open the ORCID record for Brian J. Schutte [Opens in a new window] ,
Abdur Rashid ,
Joseph B. Wood  and
Israel Marquez
Brian J. Schutte*
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Weed Science, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
Abdur Rashid
Affiliation:
Agricultural Research Scientist and Graduate Faculty, Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Weed Science, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
Joseph B. Wood
Affiliation:
Graduate Student; Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Weed Science, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
Israel Marquez
Affiliation:
Student Research Assistant, Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Weed Science, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Brian Schutte, Associate Professor; Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Weed Science, New Mexico State University, 945 College Avenue, Las Cruces, NM88003. Email: bschutte@nmsu.edu
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Abstract

Weed seeds with mechanical damage are more susceptible to mortality in soil than nondamaged seeds. In this study we introduce a colorimetric assay to distinguish mechanically damaged weed seeds from nondamaged weed seeds. Our objectives were to 1) compare steepates from mechanically damaged seeds against steepates from nondamaged seeds for their capacities to reduce resazurin—a nontoxic, water-soluble dye that changes color and light absorbance properties in response to pH; and 2) use light absorbance data from steepate-resazurin solutions to create classification trees for distinguishing damaged from nondamaged weed seeds. Species in this study included barnyardgrass, curly dock, junglerice, kochia, oakleaf datura, Palmer amaranth, spurred anoda, stinkgrass, tall morningglory, and yellow foxtail. Seeds of each species were subjected to mechanical damage treatments that collectively represented a range of damage severities. Damaged and nondamaged seeds were individually soaked in water to produce steepates that were combined with resazurin. Light absorbance properties of steepate-resazurin solutions indicated that for all species except kochia, damaged seeds reduced resazurin to greater extents than nondamaged seeds. Prediction accuracy rates for classification trees that used absorbance values as predictor variables were conditioned by species and damage type. Prediction accuracy rates were relatively low (66% to 86% accurate) for lightly damaged seeds, especially grass weed seeds. Prediction accuracy rates were high (91% to 99% accurate) for severely damaged seeds of specific broadleaf and grass weeds. Steepate-resazurin solutions that successfully separated seeds took no more than 32 h to produce. The results of this study indicate that the resazurin assay is a method for quickly distinguishing damaged from nondamaged weed seeds. Because rapid assessments of seed intactness may accelerate the development of tactics for reducing the number of weed seeds in soil, we advocate further development of resazurin assays by laboratories studying methods for weed seedbank depletion.

Keywords

barnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. ECHCGcurly dock, Rumex crispus L. RUMCRjunglerice, Echinochloa colona (L.) Link ECHCOkochia, Bassia scoparia (L.) A. J. Scott KCHSCoakleaf datura, Datura quercifolia Kunth DATFEPalmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson AMAPAspurred anoda, Anoda cristata (L.) Schltdl. ANVCRstinkgrass, Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Vignolo ex Janch ERAMEtall morningglory, Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth PHBPUyellow foxtail, Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. SETPUResazurinseedbankseedbank managementseed testingseed viabilityweed seed control
Type
Note
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 34 , Issue 3 , June 2020 , pp. 454 - 460
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2019

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Michael Walsh, University of Sydney

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