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Influence of a Cereal Rye Cover Crop and Conservation Tillage on the Critical Period for Weed Control in Cotton

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 December 2018

Andrew J. Price ,
Nicholas E. Korres ,
Jason K. Norsworthy  and
Steve Li
Andrew J. Price*
Affiliation:
Plant Physiologist, National Soil Dynamics Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Auburn, AL, USA
Nicholas E. Korres
Affiliation:
Postdoctoral Research Associate, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
Jason K. Norsworthy
Affiliation:
Professor, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
Steve Li
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
*
*Author for correspondence: Andrew Price, National Soil Dynamics Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 411 S. Donahue Drive, Auburn, AL 36832. (Email: andrew.price@ars.usda.gov)
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Abstract

Cover crops are being increasingly recommended as an integrated approach to controlling glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth and other troublesome weeds. Thus, a field experiment was conducted in 2010 through 2012 to evaluate the critical period for weed control (CPWC) in cotton as affected by a cereal rye cover crop and tillage. The management systems evaluated included conventional tillage following winter fallow, conservation tillage (CT) following winter fallow, and CT following a cereal rye cover crop managed for maximum biomass. Throughout most of the growing season, weed biomass in cereal rye cover crop plots was less than the CT winter-fallow system in both years and less than both CT winter fallow and conventional tillage in 2012. The CPWC was shortest in 2010 following conventional tillage; however, in 2012, production system influences on CPWC were less. The presence of the rye cover crop delayed the critical timing for weed removal (CTWR) approximately 8 d compared with fallow treatment both years, while conventional tillage delayed CTWR about 2 wk compared with winter fallow. Relative yield losses in both years did not reach the 5% threshold limit until about 2 wk after planting (WAP) for CT following winter fallow, 3 WAP for CT following a cover crop, and 3.5 WAP following conventional tillage. Thus, CT following winter fallow should be avoided to minimize cotton yield loss.

Keywords

Prashant Jha, Montana State UniversityGlyphosatePalmer amaranthAmaranthus palmeri (S.) Watsoncereal ryeSecale cereale L.cottonGossypium hirsutum L.Conservation agriculturecultural weed controlnonlinear modelsweed suppressionwinter fallow
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 32 , Issue 6 , December 2018 , pp. 683 - 690
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2018. 

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