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⁷ See Oxford English Dictionary, ‘generation’, 5a, for uses of the word in this sense, which date from the Wycliffite bible of 1382.

⁸ See the references in n. 4.

⁹ Harding, Thomas, A Confutation of a Booke Intituled An Apologie of the Church of England (Antwerp, 1565), fos. 15v, 42r–vGoogle Scholar; Rastell, John, A Replie against an Answer (Falslie Intitled) in Defence of the Truth (Antwerp, 1565), fos. 168v–191rGoogle Scholar; Kellison, Matthew, A Survey of the New Religion Detecting Manie Grosse Absurdities which it Implieth (Douai, 1603)Google Scholar; Edward Maihew, A Treatise of the Groundes of the Old and Newe Religion ([English secret press, 1608]); Broughton, Richard, The Conviction of Noveltie, and Defense of Antiquitie. Or Demonstrative Arguments of the Falsitie of the Newe Religion in England ([Douai, 1632])Google Scholar.

¹⁰ Miles Coverdale, The Old Faith, an Evident Probacion out of the Holy Scripture, that the Christian Fayth (which Is the Right, True, Old and Undoubted Fayth) Hath Endured Sens the Beginnyng of the Worlde (1547); Christopher Rodsell, A Godly and Short Discourse . . . Whereby May Appeare, Howe the Reformation at this Day in England is not a Bringing in of a Newe Religion, but a Reducing Againe of the Olde and Auncient Fayth (1589), sigs. A2r–3v and passim; Josias Nicholls, Abrahams Faith: That is the Old Religion (1602), sig. B2v and passim; Robert Abbot, A Defence of the Reformed Catholicke of M. W. Perkins . . . Wherein . . . their Religion is Dismasked of that Antiquity which they Pretend for it (1606); Thomas Bell, The Tryall of the New Religion. Contayning a Plaine Demonstration, that the Late Faith and Doctrine of the Church of Rome, is Indeede the New Religion (1608). See also Joseph Hall, The Olde Religion. A Treatise, Wherin is Laid Downe the True State of the Difference betwixt the Reformed, and Romane Church (1628).

¹¹ Edward Dering, XXVII Lectures or Readinges, upon Part of the Epistle Written to the Hebrues (first publ. 1576), repr. in Maister Derings Workes (1590), 116–17.

¹² Fox, Adam, Oral Culture and Literate Culture in England 1500–1700 (Oxford, 2000), ch. 3, esp. pp. 175–6Google Scholar.

¹³ See, e.g., the words of the Marian sumner, Father Atwell: John Foxe, Actes and Monuments (1576 edn), 1462.

¹⁴ Wooden, Warren W., ‘The Topos of Childhood in Marian England’, Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 12 (1982), 179–94Google Scholar.

¹⁵ For these writers, see Brigden, ‘Youth’, 38–9, and passim.

¹⁶ John Christopherson, An Exhortation to all Menne to Take Hede and Beware of Rebellion (1554), sig. C2r–v.

¹⁷ Foxe, Actes and Monuments (1576 edn), 1474; Price, F. D., ‘Gloucester Diocese under Bishop Hooper 1551–3’, Transactions of the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society, 60 (1938), 51–151, at 145Google Scholar.

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²³ Nichols, ed., Narratives, 348–51.

²⁴ Joan Kirby, ed., Plumpton Correspondence (Camden Society, 5th series, 8, 1996), 232–4.

²⁵ Foxe, Actes and Monuments (1570 edn), 2199–200.

²⁶ Ibid. (1570 edn), 1928; (1576 edn), 1476.

²⁷ Desiderius Erasmus, The Lives of Jehan Vitrier . . . and John Colet, ed. J. H. Lupton (1883), 28; Corrie, George Elwes, ed., Sermons by Hugh Latimer, Sometime Bishop of Worcester, Martyr, 1555 (Parker Society, Cambridge, 1844), 102Google Scholar.

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³¹ A Spiritual Journey of a Young Man, Towards the Land of Peace . . . With some Proverbs or Sentences, which the Old-Age Spake to the Young Man (1659), 40, and see 43. See also W. P., The Young-Mans Guide to Godlinesse (1619); Samuel Burrowes, Good Instructions for all Youngmen and Maids (1642); Samuel Crossman, The Young Mans Monitor, or, A Modest Offer Toward the Pious, and Vertuous Composure of Life from Youth to Riper Years (1664); Roger Hough, The Young Man's Duty: or Good Council for Young-Men (1677).

³² John Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion, trans. Henry Beveridge (2 vols., Grand Rapids, MI, 1989), i, 214 (bk ii, ch. 1); Robert Shelford, Lectures or Readings upon the 6. Verse of the 22 Chapter of the Proverbs, Concerning the Vertuous Education of Youth (1606), esp. 134 [vere 123]–128. See also Gervase Babington, A Very Fruitful Exposition of the Commandements by Way of Questions and Answers for Greater Plainnesse (1596), 88–102; John Dod and Robert Cleaver, A Plaine and Familiar Exposition of the Ten Commandments (1612), 183–216. On Protestant attitudes towards upbringing, see Morgan, John, Godly Learning: Puritan Attitudes towards Reason, Learning and Education 1560–1640 (Cambridge, 1986), ch. 8Google Scholar; Fletcher, Anthony, ‘Prescription and Practice: Protestantism and the Upbringing of Children, 1560–1700’, in The Church and Childhood, ed. Wood, Diana, Studies in Church History 31 (Oxford, 1994), 325–46Google Scholar.

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⁴⁰ Max Weber, The Sociology of Religion, trans. Ephraim Frischoff, intro. Talcott Parsons (1971 edn), esp. 60–79.

⁴¹ Jesse Bee, The Most Wonderfull and True Storie, of a Certaine Witch Named Alse Gooderige of Stapen hill . . . As also a True Report of the Strange Torments of Thomas Darling, ed. J. Denison (1597), 2; George More, A True Discourse concerning the Certain Possession and Dispossession of 7 Persons in One Family in Lancashire (1600), 25.

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⁵⁴ Samuel Clarke, A General Martyrologie . . . Whereunto is Added the Lives of Thirty Two English Divines (1677 edn), 114–15, 145.

⁵⁵ Thomas Fuller, Abel Redevivus: Or, The Dead Yet Speaking. The Lives and Deaths of the Moderne Divines (1651), 565–75.

⁵⁶ See Michelle Wolfe, ‘The Tribe of Levi: Gender, Family and Vocation in English Clerical Households, Circa 1590–1714’ (Ph.D. thesis, Ohio State University, 2004).

⁵⁷ See Patrick Collinson, ‘“A Magazine of Religious Patterns”: An Erasmian Topic Transposed in English Protestantism’, in his Godly People: Essays on English Protestantism and Puritanism (1983), 499–525.

⁵⁸ Clarke, Lives of Thirty Two Divines, 190 [vere 160].

⁵⁹ Ibid., 183–4.

⁶⁰ Ibid., 264.

⁶¹ Samuel Clarke, The Lives of Sundry Eminent Persons in this Later Age (1683), 154.

⁶² Edward Bagshaw, ‘The Life and Death of Mr Bolton’, bound with Nicholas Estwick, A Learned and Godly Sermon Preached on the XIX. Day of December, Anno Dom. MDCXXI. at the Funerall of Mr Robert Bolton (1633), sig. b5r.

⁶³ Clarke, Lives of Thirty Two Divines, 377.

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⁶⁷ Pollmann, Judith, ‘A Different Road to God: The Protestant Experience of Conversion in the Sixteenth Century’, in Conversion and Modernities: The Globalization of Christianity, ed. van der Veer, Peter (New York and London, 1996), 47–64Google Scholar. But cf. the evidence assembled by Marshall, Peter, ‘Evangelical Conversion in the Reign of Henry VIII’, in The Beginnings of English Protestantism, ed. idem and Ryrie, Alec (Cambridge, 2002), 14–37Google Scholar.

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⁷² Earle, Micro-cosmographie, sigs. B5v–7v.

⁷³ Clarke, Lives of Thirty Two Divines, 21, 138–9.

⁷⁴ Ibid., 135, 242 (and see the illustration on 234).

⁷⁵ See Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, s.n., ‘John More’.

⁷⁶ Timothy Rogers, The Happiness of a Quiet Mind both in Youth and Old Age . . . In a Discourse Occasioned by the Death of Mrs Martha Hasselborn, Who Died March 13th, 1695/6 in the 95th Year of her Age (1696), at 93, 104.

⁷⁷ A New Prophesie: Or Some Strange Speeches Declared by an Old Woman Living Now in Cheshire, in Ranna ([1657]); The Worlds Wonder: Giving an Account of Two Old Men . . . Who Declare Themselves to be Above a Thousand Years Old a Piece, and Preach Repentance to the World ([1675–80]).

⁷⁸ Brigden, ‘Youth’, 67. On this theme, see also Shell, Alison, ‘“Furor Juvenilis”: Post-Reformation English Catholicism and Exemplary Youthful Behaviour’, in Catholics and the ‘Protestant Nation’: Religious Politics and Identity in Early Modern England, ed. Shagan, Ethan H. (Manchester, 2005), 185–206Google Scholar.

⁷⁹ Philip Caraman, trans. and ed., William Weston: The Autobiography of an Elizabethan (1955), 152, 242–4; John Kirk, Biographies of English Catholics in the Eighteenth Century, ed. John Hungerford Pollen and Edwin Burton (1909), 111–12, 262–3.

⁸⁰ Southwell, Robert, An Epistle of a Religious Priest unto his Father: Exhorting him to the Perfect Forsaking of the World ([London?], 1597)Google Scholar; J. McCann and H Connolly, eds., Memorials of Father Augustine Baker and Other Documents Relating to the English Benedictines (Catholic Record Society 33, 1933), 15–19.

⁸¹ Barnaby Rich, The True Report of a Late Practise Enterprised by a Papist, with a Yong Maiden in Wales (1582), sig. D1r and passim.

⁸² Anthony Kenny, ed., The Responsa Scholarum of the English College, Rome, 1598–1685 (2 vols., Catholic Record Society 54–5, 1962–3). Lucy Underwood has studied these extensively as part of her forthcoming Cambridge Ph.D. on post-Reformation Catholicism and childhood.

⁸³ For the rhetoric of casting off the old man and becoming a ‘babe’ through a new ‘spiritual birth’, see Robert Barclay, An Apology for the True Christian Divinity, as the Same is Held Forth, and Preached by the People, Called, in Scorn, Quakers (1678), 37, 154, 169.

⁸⁴ James Parnell, Goliahs Head Cut off with his own Sword (1655), title-page, 2, 12, and passim; Thomas Drayton, An Answer According to Truth, that Trembles not, nor Quakes, nor Quayleth (1655), 1. See also Peters, Kate, Print Culture and the Early Quakers (Cambridge, 2005), 162Google Scholar.

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⁸⁷ Norman Penney, ed., The Journal of George Fox (2 vols., New York, 1973 edn), i, xvi, xxxix. For the transformation of Quakerism in its second generation, see Barry Reay, The Quakers and the English Revolution (1985), ch. 6; Moore, Rosemary, The Light in their Consciences: The Early Quakers in Britain 1646–1666 (University Park, PA, 2000), ch. 17Google Scholar.

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⁸⁹ Cf. Thomas, ‘Age and Authority’, 248 and passim.