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Presidential Address

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 February 2009

F. M. Powicke
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Extract

The literature about the medieval state is enormous. Many very distinguished scholars, especially in Germany, have given their ripest thought to the problems which the word “state” suggests when it is applied to medieval society. In recent years several manful efforts have been made to extricate the subject from the trammels of law and philosophy. In Germany, for example, Georg von Below, Fritz Kern and, latest of all, Heinrich Mitteis, have, each in his own way, tried to deal with it as earlier writers, like Waitz, Ranke and Ficker, dealt with it. They have approached it from a political or social or economic point of view, and have made themselves independent, so far as they could, of the categories of the jurists and the generalisations suggested by a study of medieval political thought. Even these exceptional men have not found it easy to avoid categories of their own.

Type
Research Article
Information
Transactions of the Royal Historical Society , Volume 19 , December 1936 , pp. 1 - 18
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Historical Society 1936

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References

page 1 note 1 von Below, G., Der deutsche Staat des Mittelalters, vol. i (Leipzig, 1914);Google ScholarKern, F., Gottesguadentum und Widerstandsrecht im früheren Mittelalter (Leipzig, 1915);Google ScholarMitteis, H., Lehurecht und Staatsgewalt (Weimar, 1933).Google Scholar

page 4 note 1 Stenton, F. M., The First Century of English Feudalism (Oxford, 1932), P. 6.Google Scholar

page 4 note 2 Galbraith, V. H., “The Literacy of the Medieval English Kings,” from The Proceedings of the British Academy, vol. xxi, being the Raleigh Lecture, 1935, p. 18.Google Scholar

page 7 note 1 The appeal to necessity in medieval political literature has received much attention in recent years, especially from German writers. Richard Scholz emphasised its significance in his treatise, Die Publizistik zur Zeit Philipps des Schönen und Bonifaz VIII (Stuttgart, 1903),Google Scholar e.g., pp. 365, 369. For later discussion see a useful collection of references in Wieruszowski, H., Vom Imperium zum nationalen Konigtum (Munich, 1933), passim.Google Scholar

page 10 note 1 Aegidius Romanus, De ecclesiastica potestate, lib. i., cap. 2; edited Scholz, R. (Weimar, 1929), p. 6.Google Scholar

page 13 note 1 Cf. Romoald of Salerno on the work of Roger II of Sicily. After speaking of the universal establishment of justiciars and chamberlains in 1140, he continues: “[Rex Rogerius] leges a se noviter conditas promulgavit, malas consuetudines de medio abstulit” (Annales, ed. Arndt, in Mon. Germ. Hist., Scriptores, xix, 423).

page 13 note 2 See Dom A. Wilmart, “Une riposte de l'ancien monachisme au manifeste de Saint Bernard,” in Revue benedictine, April-July, 1934, pp. 299, 300. Dom Wilmart uses the texts published by Berlière, U., Documents inédits pour seruir à I'histoire ecclésiastique de la Belgique, i (1894), p. 103.Google Scholar

page 15 note 1 D. M. Stenton, Rolls of the Justices in Eyre … for Lincolnshire, 1218-19, and Worcestershire, 1221 (Selden Society's Publications, vol. liii, London, 1934), pp. xxxii-iii, lxvii.

page 15 note 2 Fournier, M., Les staluts et privileges des universitis francaises, vol. i, no. 27.Google Scholar See especially Meijers, E. M. in Tijdschrift voar rechtsgeschiedenis, vol. i (Leiden, 1921), pp. 108 ff.Google Scholar

page 16 note 1 Grousset, R., Histoire des croisades, vol. i (Paris, 1934), p. 584.Google Scholar

page 16 note 2 The passages are given from the Summaria and the De recuperatione terrae sanctae (§ 48) by Hellmut Kämpf, Pierre Dubois (Leipzig, 1935), p. 17, with interesting comment. He seems to me to read too much into the first passage (Summaria, ed. Kämpf, Leipzig, 1936, p. 2).