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Bertram of Metz

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 July 2016

Stephan Kuttner
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Extract

In 1875, Gustav Haenel described a number of twelfth-century commentaries and glosses on the title De regulis iuris of the Digest, some of them being an-notations of Bulgarus’ celebrated apparatus and others, independent writings. Among the latter, a lemmatic commentary contained in a MS then owned by himself — now Leipzig, Univ. MS Haen. 12, fol. 25ff. — is of especial interest: as Haenel showed, the commentator may have had some ecclesiastical background and evidently was connected with Cologne or Mainz. It therefore comes as a pleasant confirmation of Haenel's cautious deductions that the author can be identified as Master Bertram, Bishop of Metz (sed. 1180–1212), and a member of the circle of Gerard Pucelle, the English master whose importance for the short-lived school of Cologne has been recently discussed.

Type
Institute of Research and Study In Medieval Canon Law: Bulletin for 1957
Information
Traditio , Volume 13 , 1957 , pp. 501 - 505
Copyright
Copyright © Fordham University Press 

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References

1 ‘ Zu Bulgarus ’ Commentar des Pandektentitels De Regulis Juris,’ Sb. Akad. Leipzig 27 (1875) 231–55.Google Scholar

2 Ibid. 244–7, 253–5.Google Scholar

3 Kuttner, S. and Rathbone, E., ‘Anglo-Norman Canonists of the Twelfth Century,’ Traditio 7 (1949/51) 298–301.Google Scholar

4 Cf., e. g., Landgraf, A., Einführung in die Geschichte der theologischen Literatur der Frühscholastik (Regensburg 1948) 96 (Bandinus, Sententiae); Stegmüller, F., Repertorium biblicum IV (Madrid 1954) 318ff. s. v. Petrus Lombardus, passim; etc.Google Scholar

4a The following, based on inspection of the MS in June 1957 and on the use of a microfilm kindly supplied by the Bibliothèque Royale, corrects Van den Gheyn's description in several places. Rubrics are rendered in small capitals. Google Scholar

5 On this literary genus, cf. Quain, E. A., ‘The Medieval Accessus ad auctores,’ Traditio 3 (1945) 215–64.Google Scholar

6 Repertorium der Kanonistik 146.Google Scholar

7 This supersedes the attribution to the circle of Johannes Faventinus in Repert. loc. cit. (based on Schulte). The statement made above rests on a comparison of passages copied during a visit to Klosterneuburg in 1937; the evidence will be set forth in detail on another occasion. Google Scholar

8 These relations could be shown only in a full printing of the text, with appropriate annotations from the works cited above, which is beyond the pupose of the present paper. Google Scholar

9 For these, cf. Kantorowicz, H., Studies in the Glossators of the Roman Law (Cambridge 1938) 41ff., 233ff.; Meijers, E. M., ‘Le conflit entre l’équité et la loi chez les premiers glossateurs,’ Tijdschrift voor Rechtsgeschiedenis 17 (1941) 117ff. A faint echo ef the civilian materiae can also be found in Sicard's prologue.Google Scholar

10 MGH Script. 31 (1902–3) 71 n. 4. Google Scholar

11 This Bulletin, Traditio 12 (1956) 562; and p. 470 supra.Google Scholar

12 Haenel, , op. cit. 245f.Google Scholar

13 Ibid. 245.Google Scholar

14 Besides the prologue, cf. the remarks in Haenel loc. cit. Google Scholar

15 Gesta episcoporum Metensium contin. 1.5 (ed. Waitz, G. MGH Script. 10 [1852] 546. 16). For Bertram's biography, cf. P. R. (= Petit-Radel), in Histoire littéraire de la France 17 (1832) 122–8; Allemang, G. in DHGE 8 (1935) 1028–9; and Voigt, G., ‘Bischof Bertram von Metz,’ Jahrbuch der Gesellschaft für lothringische Geschichte und Archäologie 4 (1892) 1–65; 5 (1893) 1–91 (not seen).Google Scholar

16 Annales Stadenses an. 1178 and 1179 (ed. Lappenberg, J. M., MGH Script. 16 [1859] 348–9). The forms Bertrandus, Bertolfus likewise occur.Google Scholar

17 Ann. Stad. loc. cit. Gerard's speech is given p. 348. 37–45, the pope's sentence, 349.1–8. Thereafter, ‘volenti loqui deposito non est data audientia, sed hostiarii clamabant: Levate, andate, andate, andate’ (8–10).Google Scholar

18 Gesta epp. Met. loc. cit. ‘… electione sub causae huius pretextu cassata ab illo quia fuerat infra ordines celebrata. Quod magis in odium Friderici imperatoris, cui ipse carus admodum et familiaris erat, quam amore iusticiae factum publica fama predicabat’ (546.19–21 Waitz). The rumor may have stemmed (from the fact that, among other canonical reasons given in his sentence, Alexander III stated: ‘ante sacros ordines suscepit regalia de manu imperatoris’ (Ann. Stad. loc. cit. 349.6–7). The case is mentioned, with the name given as ‘Bertold’ and with perhaps too much reliance on the pope's critics, in Kuttner and Rathbone, op. cit. (n. 3 supra) 303.Google Scholar

19 Gesta epp. Met. loc. cit. 546. 17–18.Google Scholar

20 Ibid. lin. 43.Google Scholar

21 Cf. Kuttner and Rathbone 294. Google Scholar

22 Cf. ibid. 299–301 for the background of Antiquitate et tempore, esp. for probable connections with Gerard Pucelle. Google Scholar

23 Haenel, , op. cit . 245.Google Scholar

24 Kuttner and Rathbone 299, with n. 18 (where the reference to p. clxviii of Singer's edition of Rufinus should read clviii). Google Scholar

25 Cf. Seckel, E., ‘Ueber neuere Ausgaben …’, Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte Rom. Abt. 21 (1900) 232f. concerning French connections of similar collections edited by Patetta.Google Scholar