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Schemas defined

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 March 2009

Ian James ,
Helen Todd  and
F. Katharina Reichelt
Ian James*
Affiliation:
Newcastle General Hospital, Centre for the Health of the Elderly, Northumberland Tyne and Wear NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Helen Todd
Affiliation:
James Cook University Hospital, South Tees NHS Trust, UK
F. Katharina Reichelt
Affiliation:
Newcastle General Hospital, Centre for the Health of the Elderly, Northumberland Tyne and Wear NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
*
*Author for correspondence: Dr I. James, Newcastle General Hospital, Centre for the Health of the Elderly, Castleside Offices, Westgate Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 6BE, UK. (email: ianjamesncht@yahoo.com)
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Abstract

A range of clinicians (n = 72) were asked to provide a definition of a schema. The participants were selected from different parts of the broad church of the CBT community, with all having received some training in CBT – although only 26.4% had a formal CBT qualification. Fourteen themes were identified, suggesting that the concept is perceived to be complex. However, the mean number of themes identified per clinician's definition was small: 2.86 (mode = 2). We consider this finding reflects a problem concerning a lack of clarity with respect to the use of one of the key concepts in CBT.

Keywords

Cognitive behaviour therapycore beliefdefinitionschema
Type
Original Research
Information
the Cognitive Behaviour Therapist , Volume 2 , Issue 1 , March 2009 , pp. 1 - 9
Copyright
Copyright © British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies 2009

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References

Recommended follow-up reading

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James, IA (2001). Schema therapy: the next generation, but should it carry a health warning? Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 29, 401–407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
James, IA (2003). Working with older people: implications for schema theory. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy 10, 133–143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
James, IA, Southam, L, Blackburn, IM (2004). Schemas revisited. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy 11, 369–377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kovacs, M, Beck, AT (1978). Maladaptive cognitive structures in depression. American Journal of Psychiatry 135, 525–533.Google ScholarPubMed
Platts, H, Tyson, M, Mason, O (2002). Adult attachment style and core beliefs: Are they linked. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy 9, 322–348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Safran, JD (1990). Towards refinement of cognitive therapy in light of interpersonal theory: 1 theory. Clinical Psychology Review 10, 87–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, JMG, Watts, FN, MacLeod, C, Mathews, A (1997). Cognitive Psychology and Emotional Disorders, 2nd edn. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons.Google Scholar
Young, JE (1994). Cognitive Therapy for Personality Disorders: A Schema-focused Approach (rev. edn). Sarasota, FL: Professional Resource Press.Google Scholar
Bartlett, FJ (1932). Remembering. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Beck, AT, Freeman, A, & Associates (1990). Cognitive Therapy of Personality Disorders. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Beck, AT, Rush, AJ, Shaw, BF, Emery, G (1979). Cognitive Therapy for Depression. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Hollon, S, Kriss, M (1984). Cognitive factors in clinical research and practice. Clinical Psychology Review 4, 35–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horowitz, MJ (1991). Person Schemas and Maladaptive Interpersonal Patterns. Chicago: Chicago University Press.Google Scholar
James, IA (2001). Schema therapy: the next generation, but should it carry a health warning? Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 29, 401–407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
James, IA (2003). Working with older people: implications for schema theory. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy 10, 133–143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
James, IA, Southam, L, Blackburn, IM (2004). Schemas revisited. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy 11, 369–377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kovacs, M, Beck, AT (1978). Maladaptive cognitive structures in depression. American Journal of Psychiatry 135, 525–533.Google ScholarPubMed
Platts, H, Tyson, M, Mason, O (2002). Adult attachment style and core beliefs: Are they linked. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy 9, 322–348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Safran, JD (1990). Towards refinement of cognitive therapy in light of interpersonal theory: 1 theory. Clinical Psychology Review 10, 87–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, JMG, Watts, FN, MacLeod, C, Mathews, A (1997). Cognitive Psychology and Emotional Disorders, 2nd edn. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons.Google Scholar
Young, JE (1994). Cognitive Therapy for Personality Disorders: A Schema-focused Approach (rev. edn). Sarasota, FL: Professional Resource Press.Google Scholar
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