Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-wq2xx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T18:51:38.269Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Spouse-Aided Therapy with Agoraphobics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

P. M. G. Emmelkamp*
Affiliation:
University of Groningen
R. van Dyck
Affiliation:
Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam
M. Bitter
Affiliation:
University of Groningen
R. Heins
Affiliation:
University of Groningen
E. J. Onstein
Affiliation:
University of Groningen
B. Eisen
Affiliation:
University of Leiden
*
Academic Hospital, Department of Clinical Psychology, Oostersingel 59, 9713 EZ Groningen, The Netherlands

Abstract

Sixty agoraphobics were treated by behavioural therapy (self-exposure in vivo) either with their partner involved in all aspects of treatment or without their partner. The two treatment formats were about equally effective. Behavioural treatment directed at the agoraphobia resulted in improvement irrespective of marital quality and partner involvement in the therapy. The effects of treatment led neither to a deterioration of the marriage nor to adjustment problems in the partner. Avoidance behaviour, intropunitivity and overprotection were found to predict treatment response. The partners of agoraphobics were not found to have psychological problems themselves.

Type
Papers
Copyright
Copyright © The Royal College of Psychiatrists 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Arnow, B. A., Taylor, C. B., Agras, W. S., et al (1985) Enhancing agoraphobia treatment outcome by changing couple communication patterns. Behavior Therapy, 16, 452467.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arrindell, W. A., Boelens, W. & Lambert, H. (1983a) On the psychometric properties of the Maudsley Marital Questionnaire (MMQ). Personality and Individual Differences, 4, 293306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arrindell, W. A., Emmelkamp, P. M. G. & Bast, S. (1983b) The Maudsley Marital Questionnaire (MMQ): a further step towards its validation. Journal of Personality and Individual Differences, 4, 457464.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arrindell, W. A., Emmelkamp, P. M. G., Brilman, E., et al (1983c) Psychometric evaluation of an inventory for assessment of parental rearing practices: a Dutch form of the EMBU. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67, 163177.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arrindell, W. A., Emmelkamp, P. M. G. & Van der Ende, J. (1984a) Phobic dimensions: reliability and generalizability across samples, gender and nations. Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy, 6, 207254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arrindell, W. A., Hafkenscheid, A. J. P. M. & Emmelkamp, P. M. G. (1984ft) The Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire (HDHQ): a psychometric evaluation in psychiatric outpatients. Journal of Personality and Individual Differences, 5, 221231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arrindell, W. A. & Emmelkamp, P. M. G. (1985) Psychological profile of the spouse of the female agoraphobic patient: personality and symptoms. British Journal of Psychiatry, 146, 405414.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arrindell, W. A. & Emmelkamp, P. M. G. (1986a) Marital adjustment, intimacy and needs in female agoraphobics and their partners: a controlled study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 592602.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arrindell, W. A., Emmelkamp, P. M. G. Sanderman, R. (1986b) Marital quality and general life adjustment in relation to treatment outcome in agoraphobia. Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy, 8, 139185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barlow, D. H., O'Brien, G. T. & Last, C. G. (1984) Couples treatment of agoraphobia. Behavior Therapy, 15, 5158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bland, K. & Hallam, R. S. (1981) Relationship between response to graded exposure and marital satisfaction in agoraphobics. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 19, 335338.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buunk, B. & Nijskens, J. (1980) Communicatie en satisfactie in intieme relaties. Gedrag, 4, 242260.Google Scholar
Caine, T. M., Foulds, G. A. & Hope, K. (1967) Manual of the Hostility and the Direction of Hostility Questionnaire (HDHQ). London: University of London Press.Google Scholar
Cobb, J. P., Mathews, A. M., Childs-Clarke, A., et al (1984) The spouse as co-therapist in the treatment of agoraphobia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 282287.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crowe, M. J. (1987) Conjoint marital therapy: a controlled outcome study. Psychological Medicine, 8, 623636.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Derogatis, L. R. (1977) SCL–90(R): Administration, Scoring and Procedures Manual-I for the Revised Version and Other Instruments of the Psychopathology Rating Scale Series. Baltimore: Clinical Psychometrics Research Unit, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.Google Scholar
Emmelkamp, P. M. G. (1980) Agoraphobics' interpersonal problems: their role in the effects of exposure in vivo therapy. Archives of General Psychiatry, 37, 13031306.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Emmelkamp, P. M. G., Kuipers, A. & Eggeraat, J. (1978) Cognitive modification versus prolonged exposure in vivo: a comparison with agoraphobics. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 16, 3341.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Emmelkamp, P. M. G. & van der Hout, A. (1983) Failure in treating agoraphobia. In Failures in Behaviour Therapy (eds Foa, E. B. & Emmelkamp, P. M. G). New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Emmelkamp, P. M. G., Krol, B., Sanderman, R., et al (1987) The assessment of relationship beliefs. Personality and Individual Differences, 8, 775780.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Emmelkamp, P. M. G., De Haan, E. & HooGDUiN, C. A. L. (1990) Marital adjustment and obsessive-compulsive disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 5560.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gerlsma, C., Emmelkamp, P. M. G. & Arrindell, W. A. (1990) Anxiety, depression and perception of early parenting: a meta-analysis. Clinical Psychological Review, 10, 251277.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hafner, R. J. (1976) Fresh symptom emergence after intensive behaviour therapy. British Journal of Psychiatry, 129, 378383.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hafner, R. J. (1977a) The husbands of agoraphobic women: assortative mating or pathogenic interaction? British Journal of Psychiatry, 130, 233239.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hafner, R. J. (1977b) The husbands of agoraphobic women and their influence on treatment outcome. British Journal of Psychiatry, 131, 289294.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hafner, R. J. (1982) The marital context of the agoraphobic syndrome. In Agoraphobia: Multiple Perspectives on Theory and Treatment (eds Chambless, D. L. & Goldstein, A. J.). New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Himadi, W. G., Cerny, J. A., Barlow, D. W., et al (1986) The relationship of marital adjustment to agoraphobia treatment outcome. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 24, 107115.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marks, I. M. & Mathews, A. M. (1979) Brief standard self-rating for phobic patients. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 17, 263267.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mathews, A. M., Gelder, M. G. & Johnston, D. W. (1981) Agoraphobia: Nature and Treatment. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Milton, F. & Hafner, R. J. (1979) The outcome of behavior therapy for agoraphobia in relation to marital adjustment. Archives of General Psychiatry, 36, 807811.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Monteiro, W., Marks, I. M. & Ramm, E. (1985) Marital adjustment and treatment outcome in agoraphobia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 146, 383390.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oatley, K. & Hodgson, D. (1987) Influence of husbands on the outcome of their agoraphobic wives' therapy. British Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 380386.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O'Brien, R. G. & Kaiser, K. M. (1985) MANOVA method for analyzing repeated measures designs: an extensive primer. Psychological Bulletin, 97, 316333.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Perris, C., Jacobsson, L., Lindstrom, H., et al (1980) Development of a new inventory for assessing memories of parental rearing behaviour. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 61, 265274.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Visser, S., Hoekstra, R. J. & Emmelkamp, P. M. G. (1991) Follow-up study on behavioural treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorders. In Perspectives and Promises of Clinical Psychology (eds Enters, A., Fiegenbaum, W., Florin, I., et al). New York: Plenum.Google Scholar
Watson, J. P. & Marks, I. M. (1971) Relevant and irrelevant fear of flooding. Behavior Therapy, 2, 275295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.