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A Systematic Review of Self-Compassion in Chronic Pain: From Correlation to Efficacy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 April 2021

Camile Lanzaro Open the ORCID record for Camile Lanzaro [Opens in a new window] ,
Sérgio A. Carvalho Open the ORCID record for Sérgio A. Carvalho [Opens in a new window] ,
Teresa A. Lapa Open the ORCID record for Teresa A. Lapa [Opens in a new window] ,
Ana Valentim Open the ORCID record for Ana Valentim [Opens in a new window]  and
Bruno Gago Open the ORCID record for Bruno Gago [Opens in a new window]
Camile Lanzaro*
Affiliation:
Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (Portugal)
Sérgio A. Carvalho
Affiliation:
Universidade de Coimbra (Portugal)
Teresa A. Lapa
Affiliation:
Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (Portugal) Universidade da Beira Interior (Portugal)
Ana Valentim
Affiliation:
Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (Portugal)
Bruno Gago
Affiliation:
Universidade de Aveiro (Portugal)
*
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Camile Lanzaro. Centro Hospitalar e Universitario de Coimbra. Serviço de Anestesiologia. Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto. 3000-075Coimbra (Portugal). E-mail: clanzaro13@gmail.com
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Abstract

Chronic pain (CP) is a common condition affecting millions of people worldwide. Compassion-related interventions are proving to be advantageous in CP, and self-compassion (SC) is hypothesized to be related with pain regulation physiological processes, as well as with psychological benefits in CP. We aimed to review scientific literature on: 1) Compassion-based psychological interventions and their changes in pain outcomes; and 2) associations between SC and pain-related outcomes. We performed a systematic research in four electronic databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library from inception until April 2020. In Question 1, we included studies involving adult patients with CP who participated in compassion-based psychological interventions. In Question 2, we included studies that examined the associations between SC and pain outcomes in adults with CP. We identified 16 studies. For Question 1, we included seven studies focused on different compassion-based interventions that assessed at least one pain outcome, in a total of 253 participants with CP associated with multiple conditions. For Question 2, we included nine studies, in a total of 1,430 participants, with eight different pain outcomes: Intensity, acceptance, catastrophizing, self-efficacy, disability, distress, pain related coping and anxiety. Considering the high heterogeneity between studies and the poor-quality assessment, we could not draw definitive conclusions on the efficacy of compassion-based interventions nor on the association between SC and pain outcomes. Studies are further discussed in detail. This review can be a starting point for large-scale and high-quality trials in this area as it provides an organized overview of the current literature on this topic.

Keywords

compassionchronic painpersistent painself-compassion
Type
Review Article
Information
The Spanish Journal of Psychology , Volume 24 , 2021 , e26
Copyright
© Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Madrid 2021

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Footnotes

We would like to thank all authors of the articles included in this review, who contributed to complete data or clarify questions throughout this research.

Conflicts of Interest: None.

Funding statements: This research received no specific grant from any funding agency, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

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