Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-tj2md Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T06:55:44.568Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Self-Recognition and Self-Regulation: The Relationship with Socialization Trajectories and Children's Sex

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 January 2013

Maria Lucia Seidl-de-Moura ,
Tatiana Targino Alves Bandeira ,
Renata Gomes da Costa de Marca ,
Luciana Fontes Pessôa ,
Deise Maria Leal Fernandes Mendes ,
Mauro Luis Vieira  and
Ana Paula Ribeiro Kobarg
Maria Lucia Seidl-de-Moura*
Affiliation:
Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)
Tatiana Targino Alves Bandeira
Affiliation:
Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)
Renata Gomes da Costa de Marca
Affiliation:
Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)
Luciana Fontes Pessôa
Affiliation:
Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)
Deise Maria Leal Fernandes Mendes
Affiliation:
Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)
Mauro Luis Vieira
Affiliation:
Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (Brazil)
Ana Paula Ribeiro Kobarg
Affiliation:
Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (Brazil)
*
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Maria Lucia Seidl de Moura. Rua Fritz Feigl, 465, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22750-600 (Brazil). E-mail: mlseidl@gmail.com
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The initial process of self development involves interaction with others and the establishment of relationships taking different paths depending on the socio-cultural context. Self-recognition and self-regulation are considered manifestations of this development between 18 and 24 months of age. This study aimed at analyzing the relationship between these two aspects, maternal beliefs about autonomy and relatedness, as well as identifying differences between boys and girls in this developmental stage. Participants were 94 mothers of different educational levels and their children of 17-22 months of age in two Brazilian cities. Socialization Goals Inventory and Parental Practices in the First Year Inventory were used to collect data on mothers' beliefs. Children performed tasks related to self-recognition (the mirror test) and self-regulation (compliance to requests). The group of mothers studied valued both autonomy and interdependence. Children's responses are consistent with a perspective of relational autonomy, which value both independence and interdependence. Differences were found in relation to sex in both self-recognition and self-regulation, and baby girls showed superior performance than boys in both tasks.

El proceso inicial del desarrollo personal implica la interacción con los demás y el establecimiento de relaciones por caminos diferentes dependiendo del contexto socio-cultural. El Auto-reconocimiento y la auto-regulación se consideran manifestaciones de este desarrollo entre los 18 y los 24 meses de edad. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la relación entre estos dos aspectos y las creencias maternas sobre autonomía e interdependencia, así como la identificación de las diferencias entre niños y niñas en esta etapa evolutiva. Los participantes fueron 94 madres de diferentes niveles educativos y sus hijos de 17-22 meses de dos ciudades brasileñas. Para recoger datos sobre las creencias de las madres se utilizó el Inventario de Objetivos de Socialización y el Inventario de Prácticas de Cuidado. Los niños realizaron tareas relacionadas con el auto-reconocimiento (la prueba del espejo) y con la auto-regulación (cumplimiento de peticiones). El grupo de madres estudiadas valoró tanto la autonomía como la interdependencia. Las respuestas de los niños son consistentes con la perspectiva de autonomía relacional, que valora tanto la independencia como la interdependencia. Se encontraron diferencias en relación con el sexo, tanto en auto-reconocimiento como en auto-regulación y las niñas mostraron un rendimiento superior a los varones en ambas tareas.

Keywords

self-recognitionself-regulationsocializationchildrenauto-reconocimientoauto-regulaciónsocializaciónniños
Type
Research Article
Information
The Spanish Journal of Psychology , Volume 15 , Issue 2 , July 2012 , pp. 604 - 612
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

References

Berger, A., Kofman, O., Livneh, U., & Henik, A. (2007). Multidisciplinary perspectives on attention and the development of self-regulation. Progress in Neurobiology, 82, 256–286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.pneurobio.2007.06.004CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berthenthal, B. I., & Fischer, K.W. (1978). Development of self-recognition in the infant. Developmental Psychology, 14(1), 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037%2F0012-1649.14.1.44CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brody, L. R. (1985). Gender differences in emotional development: A review of theories and research. Journal of Personality, 53(2), 102–149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-6494.1985.tb00361.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broesch, T., Callaghan, T., Henrich, J., Murphy, C., & Rochat, P. (2010). Cultural variations in Children's mirror self-recognition. Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology, 42, 1018–1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177%2F0022022110381114CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cross, S., & Madson, L. (1997). Models of the self: Self construals and gender. Psychological Bulletin, 122(1), 5–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0033-2909.122.1.5CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Edwards, C. P., & Liu, W.-L. (2002). Parenting toddlers. In Bornstein, M. H. (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Children and parenting (Vol. 1. 2nd Ed., pp. 45–71). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Friedlmeier, W., Schäfermeier, E., Vasconcellos, V., & Trommsdorff, G. (2008). Self-construal and cultural orientation as predictors for developmental goals: A comparison between Brazilian and German caregivers. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 5, 39–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F17405620600751085CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herold, K. H., & Akhtar, N. (2008). Imitative learning from a third party interaction: Relations with self-recognition and perspective taking. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 101, 114–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jecp.2008.05.004Google ScholarPubMed
Heys, C. M. (1994). Reflections on self-recognition in primates. Journal of Animal Behavior, 47, 909–919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006%2Fanbe.1994.1123CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jennings, K., Sandberg, I., Kelley, S., Valdes, L., Yaggi, K., & Abrew, A. (2008). Understanding of self and maternal warmth predicts later self-regulation in toddlers. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 32(2), 108–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177%2F0165025407087209CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kagitçibasi, C. (2007). Family, self and human development across cultures. London, England: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keenan, J. P., Gallup, G. Jr., & Falk, D. (2004). The face in the mirror: How we know who we are. New York, NY: ECCO.Google Scholar
Keller, H. (2007). Cultures of infancy. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Keller, H., Yovsi, R., Borke, J., Kärtner, J., Jensen, H., & Papaligoura, Z. (2004). Developmental consequences of early parenting experiences: Self-recognition and self-regulation in three cultural communities. Child Development, 75, 1745–1760. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-8624.2004.00814.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keller, H., Lamm, B., Abels, M., Yovsi, R. D., Borke, J., & Jensen, H. (2006). Cultural models, socialization goals, and parenting ethnotheories: A multi-cultural analysis. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 37(2), 155–172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022105284494CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kochanska, G., & Aksan, N. (1995). Mother-child mutually positive affect, the quality of child compliance to requests and prohibitions, and maternal control as correlates of early internalization. Child Development, 66, 236–254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-8624.1995.tb00868.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kochanska, G., Coy, K., & Murray, K. T. (2001). The development of self-regulation in the first four years of life. Child Development, 72, 1091–1111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2F1467-8624.00336CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kopp, C. B. (1982). Antecedents of self-regulation: A developmental perspective. Developmental Psychology, 18, 199–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037%2F0012-1649.18.2.199CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meltzoff, A. N., & Brooks, R. (2007). Intersubjectivity before language: Three windows on preverbal sharing. In Bråten, S. (Ed.), On being moved: From mirror neurons to empathy (pp. 149–174). Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moilanen, K. L., Shaw, D. S., Dishion, T. J., Gardner, F., & Wilson, M. (2009). Predictors of longitudinal growth in inhibitory control in early childhood. Social Development, 19, 326–347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-9507.2009.00536.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nielsen, M., & Dissanayake, C. (2004). Pretend ply, mirror self-recognition and imitation: A longitudinal investigation through the second year. Infant Behavior and Development, 27, 342–365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2003.12.006CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nielsen, M., Suddendorf, T., & Slaughter, V. (2006). Mirror recognition beyond the face. Child Development, 77(1), 176–185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00863.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Povinelli, D., Landau, K., & Perilloux, H. (1996). Self-recognition in young children using delayed versus live feedback: Evidence of a developmental asynchrony. Child Development, 67, 1540–1554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-8624.1996.tb01813.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rochat, P. (2001). The infant's world. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Rochat, P. (2003). Five levels of self-awareness as they unfold early in life. Consciousness and Cognition, 12, 717–731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS1053-8100%2803%2900081-3CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rochat, P. (2011). The self as a phenotype. Consciousness and Cognition, 20, 109–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2010.09.012CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schore, A. N. (1994). Affect regulation and the origin of the self: the neurobiology of emotional development. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Seidl-de-Moura, M. L., Lordelo, E., Vieira, M. L., Piccinini, C. A., Magalhães, C. M. C. & Pontes, F. (2008). Brazilian mothers' socialization goals: Intracultural differences in seven Brazilian cities. International Journal for the Study of Behavioural Development, 32, 465–472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177%2F0165025408093666CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vieira, M. L., Seidl-de-Moura, M. L., Macarini, S. M., Martins, G. D. F., Lordelo, E. da R., Tokumaru, R. S., & Oliva, A. D. (2010). Autonomy and interdependence: Beliefs of Brazilian mothers from State capitals and small towns. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 13, 818–824.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vieira, M. L., Seidl-de-Moura, M. L., Lordelo, E. R., Rimoli, A., Piccinnini, C. A., Martins, G. D. F., … Rimoli, A. O. (2010). Mother's beliefs about childrearing practices in seven Brazilian cities. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 41(2), 195–211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar