Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-4hhp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-07T00:52:51.645Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Normative Data for a Spanish Version of the Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test in Older People

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 July 2013

Nuria Ortiz Marqués ,
Imanol Amayra Caro ,
Juan M. Uterga Valiente  and
Silvia Martínez Rodríguez
Nuria Ortiz Marqués*
Affiliation:
Universidad de Deusto (Spain)
Imanol Amayra Caro
Affiliation:
Universidad de Deusto (Spain)
Juan M. Uterga Valiente
Affiliation:
Hospital de Basurto (Spain)
Silvia Martínez Rodríguez
Affiliation:
Universidad de Deusto (Spain)
*
*Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Nuria Ortiz Marqués. Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto. Apartado 1. 48080. Bilbao (Spain). E-mail: nortiz@deusto.es
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test is an easy to administer test that assesses many memory domains and is, therefore, widely used in the area of clinical neuropsychology. The purpose of this study was to provide normative data for an elderly population living in Spain. The sample of this study was comprised of 156 volunteers over 60 years of age, which were grouped into six different age groups. These groups comprised of 10 participants between the ages of 61and 65 in the first group, 23 participants (66–70) in the second, 28 participants (71–75) in the third, 35 participants (76–80) in the fourth, 32 participants (81–85)in the fifth and 28 participants (86–95) in the sixth group. Demographic data were collected and means, deviations, and ranges of all the measures were evaluated. Normative data were calculated from the percentiles, and then converted into age-corrected scaled scores with a mean of 10 and a standard deviation of 3.

Keywords

Auditory Verbal Learning Testmemorynormative dataSpainelderly
Type
Research Article
Information
The Spanish Journal of Psychology , Volume 16 , 2013 , E60
Copyright
Copyright © Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Madrid 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

The authors wish to sincerely thank the study participants for their support of our research efforts.

References

Benedet, M. J., & Alejandre, M. A. (1998). Test de aprendizaje verbal España Complutense [Spanish Complutense verbal learning test] . Madrid, Spain: TEA Google Scholar
Bierman, E. J., Comijs, H. C., Gundy, C. M., Sonnenberg, C., Jonker, C., & Beekman, A. T. (2007). The effect of chronic benzodiazepine use on cognitive functioning in older persons: Good, bad or indifferent? International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 22, 1194–1200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gps.1811 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bierman, E. J., Comijs, H. C., Rijmen, F., Jonker, C., & Beekman, A. T. (2008). Anxiety symptoms and cognitive performance in later life: Results from the longitudinal aging study Amsterdam. Aging & Mental Health, 12, 517–523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13607860802224276 Google Scholar
Bleecker, M. L., Bolla-Wilson, K., Agnew, J., & Meyers, D. A. (1988). Age-related sex differences in verbal memory. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44, 403–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(198805)44:3<403::AID-JCLP2270440315>3.0.CO;2-0 3.0.CO;2-0>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bolla-Wilson, K., & Bleecker, M. L. (1986). The influence of verbal intelligence, sex age and education on the Rey auditory-verbal learning test. Developmental Neuropsychology, 2, 203–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/87565648609540342 Google Scholar
Burin, D. I., Ramenzoni, V., & Arizaga, R. L. (2003). Evaluación neuropsicológica del envejecimiento: Normas según edad y nivel educacional [Ageing neuropsychological assessment: Norms according to age an educational level]. Revista Neurológica de Argentina, 28, 149–152.Google Scholar
Butters, N., Wolfe, J., Martone, M., Granholm, E., & Cermak, L. S. (1985). Memory disorders associated with Huntington’s disease: Verbal recall, verbal recognition and procedural memory. Neuropsychologia, 23, 729–743. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0028-3932(85)90080-6 Google Scholar
Calero-García, M. D., Navarro-González, E., Gómez-Ceballos, L., López, A. Torres-Carbonell, I., & Calero-García, M. J. (2008). Olvidos y memoria: Relaciones entre memoria objetiva y subjetiva en la vejez [Memory and forgetness: Objective and subjective memory relations in old age]. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 43, 299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0211-139X(08)73572-8 Google Scholar
Crawford, J. R., & Howell, D. C. (1998). Comparing an individual’s test score against norms derived from small samples. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 12, 482–486. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/clin.12.4.482.7241 Google Scholar
Crum, R. M., Anthony, J. C., Bassett, S. S., & Folstein, M. F. (1993). Population-based norms for the Mini-mental State Examination Mental by age and education level. The Journal of American Medical Association, 269, 2386–2391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1993.03500180078038 Google Scholar
Draper, K., & Ponsford, J. (2008). Cognitive functioning ten years following traumatic brain injury and rehabilitation. Neuropsychology, 22, 618–625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0894-4105.22.5.618 Google Scholar
Ferman, T. J., Lucas, J. A., Ivnik, R. J., Smith, G. E., Willis, F. B., Petersen, R. C., & Graff-Radford, N. R. (2005). Mayo’s older African American normative studies: Auditory verbal learning test norms for African American elders. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 19, 214–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13854040590945300 Google Scholar
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975). Mini-mental State: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinicians. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189–198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geffen, G., Moar, K. J., O’Hanlon, A. P., Clark, C. R., & Geffen, L. B. (1990). Performance measures of 16- to 86- years-old males and females on the Auditory-Verbal Learning Test. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 4, 45–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13854049008401496 Google Scholar
Harris, M. E., Ivnik, R. J., & Smith, G. E. (2002). Mayo´s older Americans normative studies: Expanded AVLT recognition trial norms for ages 57 to 98. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 24, 214–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/jcen.24.2.214.995 Google Scholar
Instituto Nacional de estadística (INE). (2011). Esperanza de vida al nacimiento por sexo y periodo de 12 meses [Life expectancy rates birth by sex in a 12-month period]. Madrid, Spain: INE. Retrieved from http://www.ine.es/jaxi/tabla.do?per=01&type=db&divi=IDB&idtab=111 Google Scholar
Introzzi, I., Urquijo, S., & López, M. F. (2010). Procesos de codificación y funciones ejecutivas en pacientes con esclerosos múltiple. [Codification processes and executive functions in patients with multiple sclerosis]. Psicothema, 22, 684–690.Google Scholar
Ivnik, R. J., Malec, J. F., Smith, G. E., Tangalos, E. G. Petersen, R. C., Kokmen, E., & Kurland, L. T. (1992). Mayo’s older Americans normative studies: WAIS-R Norms for ages 56 to 97. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 6, 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13854049208401877 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ivnik, R. J., Malec, J. F., Tangalos, E. R., Petersen, R. C., Kokmen, E., & Kurland, L. T. (1990). The Auditory-Verbal Learning Test (AVLT): Norms for ages 55 years and older. Psychological Assessment, 2, 304–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.2.3.304 Google Scholar
Kurylo, M., Temple, R. O., Elliott, T. R., & Crawford, D. (2001). Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) performance in individuals with recent-onset spinal cord injury. Rehabilitation Psychology, 46, 247–261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0090-5550.46.3.247 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lucas, J. A., Ivnik, R. J., Willis, F. B., Ferman, T. J., Smith, G. E., Parfitt, F. C., ... Graff-Radford, N. R. (2005). Mayo’s older African Americans normative studies: Normative data for commonly used clinical neuropsychological measures. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 19, 162–183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13854040590945265 Google Scholar
Maeda, K., Kasai, K., Watanabe, A., Henomatsu, K., Rogers, M. A., & Kato, N. (2006). Effect of subjective reasoning and neurocognition on medication adherence for persons with schizophrenia. Psychiatric Services, 57, 1203–1205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.57.8.1203 Google Scholar
Majdan, A., Sziklas, V., & Jones-Gotman, M. (1996). Performance of healthy subjects and patients with resection from the anterior temporal lobe on matched tests of verbal and visuoperceptual learning. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 18, 416–430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01688639608408998 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mitrushina, M., Satz, P., Chervinsky, A., & D’Elia, L. (1991). Performance of four age groups of normal elderly on the Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 47, 351–357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(199105)47:3<351::AID-JCLP2270470305>3.0.CO;2-S Google Scholar
Mungas, D. (1983). Differential clinical sensitivity of specific parameters of the Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 51, 848–855. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.51.6.848 Google Scholar
Pauker, J. D. (1988). Constructing overlapping cell tables to maximize the clinical usefulness of normative test data: Rationale and an example from neuropsychology. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44, 930–933. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(198811)44:6<930::AID-JCLP2270440613>3.0.CO;2-H Google Scholar
Perri, B., Naplin, N. A., & Carpenter, G. A. (1995). A Spanish Auditory Verbal Learning and Memory Test. Assessment, 2, 245–253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191195002003005 Google Scholar
Ponton, M. O. (2001). Research and assessment issues with Hispanic populations. In Ponton, M. O. & León-Carrión, J. (Eds.), Neuropsychology and the Hispanic patient (pp. 39–58). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Query, W. T., & Megran, J. (1983). Age-related norms for AVLT in a male patient population. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 39, 136–138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(198301)39:1<136::AID-JCLP2270390125>3.0.CO;2-Q Google Scholar
Rey, A. (1964). L’examen clinique en psychologie [Clinic assessment in Psychology] Paris, France: Presses Universitaires de France.Google Scholar
Rodríguez, N., Juncos-Rabadan, O., & Facal, D. (2008). Cognitive markers to discriminate between mild cognitive impairment and normal ageing. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 43, 291–298.Google Scholar
Sierra, O. (2001). Estandarización de la prueba de aprendizaje auditivo-verbal de Rey [Auditory verbal learning test standardization]. Revista de Neuropsicología, Neuropsiquiatría y Neurociencias, 3, 111–136.Google Scholar
Steinberg, B. A., Bieliauskas, L. A., Smith, G. E., Ivnik, R. J., & Malec, J. F. (2005). Mayo´s older Americans normative studies: Age- and IQ- adjusted norms for the auditory verbal learning test and the visual spatial learning test. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 19, 464–523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13854040590945193 Google Scholar
Sliwinski, M., Lipton, R. B., Buschke, H., & Stewart, W. (1996). The effects of preclinical dementia on estimates of normal cognitive functioning in aging. The Journal of Gerontology, 51B, 217–225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/51B.4.P217 Google Scholar
Tierney, M. C., Nores, A., Snow, W. G., Fisher, R. H., Zorzitto, M. L., & Reid, D. W. (1994). Use of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test in differentiating normal aging from Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s dementia. Psychological Assessment, 6, 129–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//1040-3590.6.2.129 Google Scholar
Tierney, M. C., Black, S. E., Szalai, J. P., Snow, W. G., Fisher, R. H., Nadon, G., & Chui, H. C. (2001). Recognition memory and verbal fluency differentiate probable Alzheimer disease from subcortical ischemic vascular dementia. Archives of Neurology, 58, 1654–1659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneur.58.10.1654 Google Scholar
Vakil, E., & Blachstein, H. (1997). Rey AVLT: Developmental norms for adults and the sensitivity of different memory measures to age. The clinical Neuropsychologist, 11, 356–369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13854049708400464 Google Scholar
Vargas, M. L., López, S., del Brío, A. M., Fernández, M. L., & Franco, M. A. (2009). P01-80 Neuropsychology in the differential diagnosis of dual pathology: Schizophrenia and drugs abuse/dependence. European Psychiatry, 24, S468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0924-9338(09)70701-1 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiens, A. N., McMinn, M. R., & Crossen, J. R. (1988). Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test: Development of norms for healthy young adults. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 2, 67–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13854048808520087 Google Scholar
Wechsler, D. (2001). Escala de inteligencia de Wechsler para adultos-III [Wechsler intelligence scale for adults-III] . Madrid, Spain: Ediciones TEA.Google Scholar