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Functioning of Cognitive Memory Inhibition Processes in People with Down Syndrome: An Empirical Study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 May 2020

Elena Palomino Open the ORCID record for Elena Palomino [Opens in a new window] ,
María Sotillo  and
José María López-Frutos
Elena Palomino
Affiliation:
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Spain)
María Sotillo*
Affiliation:
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Spain)
José María López-Frutos
Affiliation:
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Spain)
*
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to María Sotillo. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Departamento de Psicología Básica. Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco. 28049 Madrid (Spain). E-mail: maria.sotillo@uam.es
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Abstract

Cognitive inhibition is part of executive functions. When it exercises control over memory processes, it has the function of regulating the accessibility of memories and allows interference to be resolved. The impairment of its functioning has been related to the presence of forgetfulness of relevant information. In this research, we study the functioning of cognitive memory inhibition processes in people with intellectual disabilities in tasks of delayed visual recognition and analyze the influence of age. For this purpose, 36 people with Down syndrome (mean age = 33.44, standard deviation = 7.54, 50% females) and 36 people with neurotypical development (mean age = 33.55, standard deviation = 7.52, 50% females) participated. The results reflected a lower effectiveness in the group of people with Down syndrome, F(1, 68) = 159.09, p < .001, $ {\upeta}_{\mathrm{p}}^2 $ = .70. The people in the group with Down syndrome had difficulties in interference resolution, both in the subgroup of young people (p = .014, $ \hat{\updelta\ } $= 0.88) and in the subgroup of older people (p = .022, $ \hat{\updelta\ } $= 0.67). The impairment of cognitive inhibition in people with Down syndrome warrants the need to develop specific intervention programs for this process.

Keywords

cognitive inhibitionDown syndromeexecutive functionintellectual disabilitymemory
Type
Research Article
Information
The Spanish Journal of Psychology , Volume 23 , 2020 , e7
Copyright
© Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Madrid 2020

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Footnotes

Part of this work has been supported by “Autour des Williams”. Project “Inhibitory processes and memory mechanisms in adults with Williams syndrome: A neuropsychological and functional connectivity approach using magnetoencephalography”. Code 10.06.01.0050. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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