Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-5g6vh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-27T01:25:35.109Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Russian Sisters of Mercy in the Crimea, 1854-1855

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 January 2017

John Shelton Curtiss
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

While the presence of women—chiefly disreputable camp followers—in military hospitals was not new, during the Crimean War women of a different sort undertook to care for the patients, with the French army the first to provide this service. When the horrors of the British hospital at Scutari (Uskudar) became known, British wrath was aroused. In The Times of October 13, 1854, an article by William Howard Russell stated: “Here the French are greatly our superiors. Their medical arrangements are extremely good … and they have the help of the Sisters of Charity These devoted women are excellent nurses.” Immediately a letter to The Times demanded: “Why have we no Sisters of Charity?”

Type
Articles
Information
Slavic Review , Volume 25 , Issue 1 , March 1966 , pp. 84 - 100
Copyright
Copyright © Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies. 1966

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 Woodham-Smith, Cecil, Florence Nightingale, 1820-1910 (New York, 1951), p. 85.Google Scholar

2 Ibid., pp. 105-21.

3 Hereafter all dates will be Old Style, unless otherwise noted. At this time the Russian (Julian) calendar was twelve days behind that used in the West.

4 Krupskaia, Aleksandra, Vospominaniia sestry Krestovozdvizhenskoi obshchiny (St. Petersburg, 1861), pp. 5–7.Google Scholar

5 Bakunina, Ekaterina M.,“Vospominaniia sestry miloserdiia Krestovozdvizhenskoi obshchiny, 1854-1860,” Vestnik Evropy, CXC, No. 3 (March 1898), 133–35.Google Scholar

6 Morskoi Sbornik, 1855, No. 1 (Jan.),“Ofitsial'naia chast',” pp. 115-17; No. 2 (Feb.), Ofitsial'naia chast',” pp. 374-75; No. 10 (Oct.),“Ofitsial'naia chast',” pp. 351-53; M. I. Bogdanovich, Vostochnaia voina 1853-1856 gg. (St. Petersburg, 1876), Vol. IV,“Prilozheniia k glave XXXVII,” pp. 42-43.

7 Bakunina, p. 151.

8 Woodham-Smith, pp. 91-92.

9 Pirogov, N. I., Sevastopol'skie pis'ma i vospominaniia (Moscow, 1950), p. 106.Google Scholar

10 “Kniaz’ A. S. Menshikov v razskazakh ego ad“iutanta A. A. Panaeva,” Russkaia Starina, XIX (1877), 295.

11 Pirogov, p. 198.

12 Bakunina, pp. 135-38.

13 Krupskaia, p. 7.

14 Ibid., pp. 8-13; Bakunina, pp. 139-42.

15 N. I. Pirogov,“Istoricheskii obzor deistvii Krestovozdvizhenskoi obshchiny sester popecheniia o ranennykh i bol'nykh, v voennykh gospitaliakh v Krymu i Khersonskoi gubernii, s 1 dekabria 1854 po 1 dekabria 1855,” Morskoi Sbornik, No. 4 (March), 1856, P. 165.

16 Pirogov, Sevastopol'skie pis'ma, p. 27.

17 Pirogov,“Istoricheskii obzor,” pp. 166-67.

18 Anton Christian von Hubbenet (Kh. la. [51'c] Giubbenet), Ocherk meditsinskoi i gospital'noi chasti v Krymu v 1854-1856 gg. (St. Petersburg, 1870), pp. 2-7.

19 N. F. Edekauer,“Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov v Sevastopole,” Russkaia Starina, XLVII (1885), 294.

20 Ibid., pp. 293-94.

21 Pirogov, Sevastopol'skie pis'ma, p. 59.

22 Pirogov,“Istoricheskii obzor,” pp. 167-69.

23 Bakunina, pp. 145-47.

24 Morskoi Sbornik,“Ofitsial'naia chast',” No. 4 (April), 1855, pp. 479, 493-94.

25 Hiibbenet, pp. 19 and 29.

26 Krupskaia, pp. 19-29; Morskoi Sbornik,“Ofitsial'naia chast',” No. 4 (April), 1855, P- 479-

27 Bakunina, p. 148.

28 Pirogov,“Istoricheskii obzor,” p. 271.

29 Hiibbenet, pp. 61-62.

30 Bakunina, pp. 152-53.

31 Hiibbenet, pp. 72-73.

32 Morskoi Sbornik,“Ofitsial'naia chast',” No. 5 (May), 1855, pp. 152-53.

33 Ibid„ No. 4 (April), 1855, PP. 484-85.

34 Pirogov, Sevastopol'skie pis'ma, pp. 60-61.

35 Ibid., p. 68.

36 Ibid., p. 83.

37 Ibid., p. 86.

38 Morskoi Sbornik,“Ofitsial'naia chast',” No. 2 (Feb.), 1855, pp. 373-74.

39 Krupskaia, p. 16.

40 Bakunina, pp. 172-73.

41 Morskoi Sbornik,“Ofitsial'naia chast',” No. 10 (Oct.), 1855, p. 353; Pirogov,“Istoricheskii obzor,” p. 194.

42 Morskoi Sbornik,“Ofitsial'naia chast',” No. 5 (May), 1855, pp. 155-56.

43 Ibid., No. 4 (April), 1855, p. 499.

44 Ibid., p. 483.

45 Pirogov,“Istoricheskii obzor,” pp. 171-81.

46 Pirogov, Sevastopol'skie pis'tna, p. 205; see also E. V. Tarle, Gorod russkoi slavy (Moscow, 1954), p. 145.

47 Krupskaia, pp. 24-25; Bakunina, p. 149.

48 Krupskaia, p. 25.

49 Bakunina, p. 150.

50 Pirogov, Sevastopol'skie pis'tna, p. 203; Bakunina, pp. 161-62.

51 Morskoi Sbornik,“Ofitsial'naia chast',” No. 7 (July), 1855, pp. 192-93.

52 Krupskaia, pp. 26-27.

53 Ibid., p. 27.

54 Bakunina, p. 169.

55 Bakunina, ,“Vospominaniia,” Vestnik Evropy, CXC, No. 4 (April 1898), 511.Google Scholar

56 Pirogov,“Istoricheskii obzor,” pp. 183-84.

57 Krupskaia, pp. 32-34.

58 Bakunina, ,“Vospominaniia,” Vestnik Evropy, CXC, No. 3, 176; No. 4, 512.Google Scholar

59 Morskoi Sbornik,“Ofitsial'naia chast',” No. 10 (Oct.), 1855, pp. 363-65.

60 Pirogov,“Istoricheskii obzor,” pp. 186-87.

61 Krupskaia, p. 43.

62 Bakunina, ,“Vospominaniia,” Vestnik Evropy, CXC, No. 3, 151; No. 4, 520.Google Scholar

63 Pirogov, Sevastopol'skie pis'ma, p. 80.

64 Ibid., pp. 83-86.

65 Pirogov,“Istoricheskii obzor,” p. 188.

66 Bakunina,“Vospominaniia,” Vestnik Evropy, CXC, No. 4, 528-29.

67 Pirogov, Sevastopol'skie pis'ma, p. 83.

68 Pirogov,“Istoricheskii obzor,” p. 190; Bakunina,“Vospominaniia,” Vestnik Evropy, CXC, No. 4, 521-24.

69 Pirogov,“Istoricheskii obzor,” p. 190.

70 Bakunina,“Vospominaniia,” Vestnik Evropy, CXC, No. 4, 523, 535, 539-47.

71 Pirogov,“Istoricheskii obzor,” pp. igo-91.

72 Ibid., p. 194.

73 Entsiklopedicheskii Slovak, Vol. XVI-A (St. Petersburg, 1896), col. 651.

74 Morskoi Sbornik, No. 14, 1856, pp. lxiv-lxv.

75 A. la. and O. la. Giubbenet,“Professor khirurgii Kh. la. Giubbenet i ego vospominaniia ob oborone Sevastopolia 1854-1855 gg.,” Russkaia Starina, LXI (1889), 90.

76 Pirogov, Sevastopol'skie pis'ma, p. 208.

77 Ibid., p. 197.

78 [J. G. Calthorpe] Letters from Headquarters (London, 1856), II, 85.Google Scholar