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Liturgy as Paradise and as Parousia*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 February 2009

H. F. G. Swanston
H. F. G. Swanston
Affiliation:
Eliot College, The University, CanterburyKent CT2 7NS
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Extract

The paradigm for Christians' descriptions of their liturgy occurs at 1 Cor. 11:

The Lord Jesus on the night that he was betrayed took bread, and when he had given thanks, he broke it, and said. ‘This is my body which is for you. Do this in remembrance of me.’ In the same way also the cup, after supper, saying, ‘This cup is the new covenant in my blood. Do this, as often as you drink it, in remembrance of me.’

Type
Research Article
Information
Scottish Journal of Theology , Volume 36 , Issue 4 , November 1983 , pp. 505 - 519
Copyright
Copyright © Scottish Journal of Theology Ltd 1983

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References

1 1 Cor. 11.23–5; all references in parentheses are to this chapter.

2 cf. Rev. 11.6; 14.8; 20.6. Fitzmyer, J. A., ‘A Feature of Qumran Angelology and the Angels of 1 Cor. 11.10’, New Testament Studies, 4 (1957), pp. 48–58CrossRefGoogle Scholar has a most useful discussion of the various interpretations of this text. 1 have relied on this article for reference to the relevant literature.

3 cf. Theophylact, Expos. in Ep. I ad Cor., PG 124, 697C, and Huby, J., Saint Paul, Première épître aux Corinthiens, Paris, 1946, pp. 248–249Google Scholar, Spicq, C., ‘Encore la “Puisance sur la tête” (1 Cor. 11.10)’ Revue Biblique, 68 (1939), p. 558Google Scholar; Ramsay, W. M., The Cities of St Paul, 1907, p. 203Google Scholar terms this translation ‘preposterous’.

4 cf. Herklotz, J., ‘Zu 1 Kor. 11.10’, Biblische Zeitschrift, 10 (1912), p. 154Google Scholar; Kittel, G., ‘Die “Macht” auf dem Haupt (1 Kor. 11.10)’, Rabbinica, Leipzig, 1920, p. 20.Google Scholar

5 cf. Holsten, C., Das Evangelium des Paulus, Berlin, 1880, pp. 472–474Google Scholar; Baljon, J. M. S., Novum Testamentum Graece, Groningen, 1898, p. 525Google Scholar; Jirku, A., ‘Die “Macht” auf dem Haupte (1 Kor. 11.10)’, Neue Kirchliche Zeitschrift, 32 (1921), p. 711.Google Scholar

6 Hooker, M., New Testament Studies, 10, ‘Authority on Her Head: An Examination of 1 Cor. XI.10’, p. 415.Google Scholar

7 cf. 1 Tim. 2.8–15.

8 cf. Comm. in Ep. D. Pauli, nunc primum ex Armenio in Latinum sermonem translati, Venice, 1893, p. 70; and Pelagius, PL 30, 781B.

9 PL 17, 253; this notion was taken up by Rose, P., ‘Power on the Head’, Expository Times, 23 (1911), pp. 183–184.Google Scholar

10 cf. Meyer, W., I Korinther 11–16, Zurich, 1945, p. 26Google Scholar; Mezzacasa, J., ‘Propter angelos (1 Cor. 11.10)’, Verbum Domini, 11 (1931), pp. 29–42Google Scholar, and, for the objection, J. Huby, op. cit., p. 251.

11 cf. Moffatt, J, First Ep. of Paul to the Corinthians, 1947, p. 152Google Scholar; M. Hooker, art. cit., p. 412.

12 cf. Col. 1.16; Rom. 8.38; 1 Cor. 2.6–8 and 15.24; cf. Caird, G. B., Principalities and Powers, 1956, pp. 15–22Google Scholar, and Manson, T.W., On Paul and John, 1963, p. 19Google Scholar, who remarks that ‘angels are not always nor even generally good’.

13 Col. 2.18.

14 De virginibus velandis, 7, PL 2, 947A; cf. Contra Marcionem, 5, 8 (CSEL 47, 597). Augustine spends some time in City of God, XV, 23 denying that these wicked ones were angels, though he is not certain that spiritual beings could not do such things.

15 Gen. 6.1–7.

16 cf. Lietzmann, H., An die Korinther I–II, 4, Tubingen, 1949, p. 55Google Scholar who refers to Testament of Reuben, 5; Jung, L., Fallen Angels in Jewish, Christian, and Mohammedan Literature, Philadelphia, 1926, pp. 97ff.Google Scholar

17 cf. 1 Tim. 2.13–15. While Professor Hooker thinks the idea of evil angels is ‘totally irrelevant to the context’ of the 1 Cor. 11 passage, she allows that it is ‘concerned with creation and worship’, art. cit., p. 412, note 5. There may be a further resonance of the Genesis creation story in the 11.7 reference to man's glory. There was a tradition in Hebrew society that the ‘glory’ given to man was closely connected with his being created in the ‘image of God’, cf. Ps. 8.4–8; Eccles. 17.3f.; Apocalypse of Moses, x–xii, xxi.6; 2 Enoch, xxxi.3; cf. Jervell, J., Imago Dei, Göttingen, 1960, pp. 37–40.Google Scholar

18 cf. 1 Kings 7.23–6 and 44.

19 ibid., 7.15–22.

20 ibid., 6.29–36.

21 cf. Gen. 1.7; 1.16; 1.21; 1.25.

22 ibid., 2.2–3.

23 ibid., 1.5, 1.8, 1.13, 1.19, 1.23, 1.31b.

24 ibid., 1.26.

25 cf. Ps. 115.5; 135.16.

26 Ezek. 28.12–14; cf. Exod. 28.13–29 and 39.8–14.

27 Ezek. 28.15.

28 ibid., 28.16–18.

29 cf. Mark 1.10–13.

30 cf. Acts 15.38–9.

31 1 Cor. 15.22, cf. Rom. 5.12–21.

32 2 Cor. 4.4.

33 ibid., 5.17.

34 Col. 1.15.

35 ibid.

36 Heb. 3.1, 4.14, 5.5 and 10, 7.26, 8.1, 9.11, 10.21.

37 ibid., 4.14, cf. 7.26.

38 ibid., 4.14, cf. 10.20.

39 Amos 8.9–10a.

40 Joel 2.10.

41 ibid., 2.15 and 17, 3.13–14.

42 Isa. 6.1.

43 Luke 22.15 and 18; cf. Matt. 26.29; Mark 14.25.

44 John 6.50ff.

45 Gospel of Philip, cd. R. McL. Wilson, 1962, 103.6–14, p. 31.

46 cf. 1 Thess. 4. 10ff., 5.14a.

47 cf. Amélineau, , Annales du Musée Guimet, xxxv, 1894, Paris, p. 160.Google Scholar

48 cf. Gregory Nazianzen, Orat., II, 7, PG 35, 413Cff.

49 cf. S. Frank, Angelikoz Bioz, Munster, 1964, passim.

50 cf. An Abridgement of John Wroe's Life and Travels, Wakefield, 1837, p. 209, a communication of 10 June, 1832, cited Harrison, J. F. C., The Second Coming, Popular Millenarianism, 1780–1850, p. 151.Google Scholar

51 1 Cor. 16.1ff.; 2 Cor. 9.1ff.

52 2 Thess. 2.3–5 and 3.6–13.

53 cf. C. E. Maurice, Lives of English Popular Leaders in the Middle Ages, 1875, vol. 2, p. 169. He cites Walsingham, Hist. Ang., ii, p. 32 for the 1381 Blackheath sermon on this text; Froissart gives a different version.

54 cf. J. F. C. Harrison, op. cit., pp. 213–15.

55 Müntzer's concept of ‘ordnung gottes’ is described in Ozment, S. E., Mysticism and Dissent, New Haven, 1973, p. 88ff.Google Scholar, cf. Franz, G. and Kirn, P., Thomas Müntzer: Schriften und Briefe, Gütersloh, 1968, 491.11ff., 496.9ff.Google Scholar

56 cf. translation of this Rite in Rupp, G., Patterns of Reformation, 1969, p. 315ff.Google Scholar

57 Franz, op. cit., p. 504, ‘Prague Manifesto’, cf. Cohn, N., The Pursuit of the Millenium, 1957. pp. 251ff.Google Scholar

58 A useful summary of Bultmann's thesis is contained in his 1951 Shaffer Lectures, Jesus Christ and Mythology, New York, 1958.Google Scholar

59 Thomas, R., ‘Eternity Road’ in To Our Children's Children, 1969.Google Scholar

60 ‘The Lamb Lies Down on Broadway’. B and C Records, 1974.

61 ‘Life is Motion’ in Harmonium, 1923.

62 ‘Mr. Voysey and Mr. Purchas’, Fraser's Magazine, LXXXII, April, 1871, pp. 457–468; the quotation is from p. 458b.Google Scholar