¹ See below pp. 37–74.

² Among the few fourteenth-century merchants for whom biographies have already been attempted are Richer de Refham: Breslow, B., ‘The Social Status and Economic Interests of Richer de Refham, Lord Mayor of London’, Journal of Medieval History iii (1977), 135–45CrossRefGoogle Scholar and ‘Ambiguities of Political Loyalties in Edwardian England: the Case of Richer de Refham’, Medieval Prosopography vi (1985), 47–68Google Scholar; Gilbert Maghfeld: James, M. K., ‘A London Merchant of the Fourteenth Century’, EconHR, 2nd Ser., viii (1956), 364–76Google Scholar; Richard Lyons: Myers, A.R., ‘The Wealth of Richard Lyons’ in Sandquist, T.A. and Powicke, M.R., eds., Essays in Medieval History presented to Bertie Wilkinson (Toronto, 1969), 301–29Google Scholar; William de la Pole: Fryde, E.B., William de la Pole, Merchant and King's Banker (London, 1988)Google Scholar; Richard Whittington: Barron, C.M., ‘Richard Whittington: the Man behind the Myth’ in Hollander, A.E. and Kellaway, William, eds., Studies in London History presented to P.E. Jones (London, 1969), 197–248Google Scholar. There is also the rather older account of the life of John Lovekyn by Heale, A., ‘Some Account of John Lovekyn’, Transactions of the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society vi (1890), 341–70Google Scholar, besides those biographies of London merchants contained in The House of Commons 1386–1421, ed. Roskell, J.S., Clark, Linda and Rawcliffe, Carole, 4 vols. (History of Parliament Trust, 1992).Google Scholar