Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-cfpbc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T16:57:22.862Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Gender as a divine attribute

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 February 2015

MICHAEL REA*
Affiliation:
Department of Philosophy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA e-mail: mrea@nd.edu

Abstract

It is standard within the Christian tradition to characterize God in predominantly masculine terms. Let ‘traditionalism’ refer to the view that this pattern of characterization is theologically mandatory. In this article, I seek to undercut the main motivations for traditionalism by showing that it is not more accurate to characterize God as masculine rather than feminine (or vice versa). The novelty of my argument lies in the fact that it presupposes neither theological anti-realism nor a robust doctrine of divine transcendence, but instead rests heavy theoretical weight on the imago Dei doctrine and the method of perfect-being theology. The article closes by examining the implications of the article's main argument for the moral and liturgical propriety of characterizing God in predominantly masculine terms.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Butler, Judith (1990) Gender Trouble : Feminism and the Subversion of Identity (New York: Routledge).Google Scholar
Bynum, Caroline Walker (1982) ‘Jesus as mother and abbot as mother: some themes in twelfth-century Cistercian writing’, in Jesus as Mother: Studies in the Spirituality of the High Middle Ages (Berkeley: University of California Press), 110169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carr, Anne (1988) Transforming Grace : Christian Tradition and Women's Experience (San Francisco: Harper & Row).Google Scholar
Chodorow, Nancy (1978) The Reproduction of Mothering: Psychoanalysis and the Sociology of Gender (Berkeley: University of California Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coakley, Sarah (2013) God, Sexuality, and the Self : An Essay ‘On the Trinity’ (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Congar, Yves (1983) I Believe in the Holy Spirit, III: The River of Life Flows in the East and in the West, Smith, David (tr.) (New York: Seabury Press).Google Scholar
Cooper, John W. (1998) Our Father in Heaven : Christian Faith and Inclusive Language for God (Grand Rapids MI: Baker Books).Google Scholar
Daly, Mary (1973) Beyond God the Father: Toward a Philosophy of Women's Liberation (Boston: Beacon Press).Google Scholar
Daly, Mary (1986) The Church and the Second Sex (Boston: Beacon Press).Google Scholar
Fee, Gordon D (1987) The First Epistle to the Corinthians (Grand Rapids MI: Eerdmans).Google Scholar
Hampson, Daphne (1996) After Christianity (Valley Forge PA: Trinity Press International).Google Scholar
Haslanger, Sally (2000) ‘Gender and race: (what) are they? (what) do we want them to be?’, Noûs, 34, 3155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hays, Richard B. (1997) First Corinthians (Louisville KY: John Knox Press).Google Scholar
Jantzen, Grace (1988) Julian of Norwich : Mystic and Theologian (New York: Paulist Press).Google Scholar
Jantzen, Grace (1998) Becoming Divine : Towards a Feminist Philosophy of Religion (Manchester: Manchester University Press).Google Scholar
Jenson, Robert (1992) ‘ “The Father, He . . .” ’, in Kimel, A. F. (ed.) Speaking the Christian God: The Holy Trinity and the Challenge of Feminism (Grand Rapids MI: Eerdmans), 95109.Google Scholar
Jenson, Robert (1997) Systematic Theology, I: The Triune God (New York: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Johnson, Elizabeth (1984) ‘The incomprehensibility of God and the image of God as male and female’, Theological Studies, 45, 441465.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, Elizabeth (1993) She Who Is : The Mystery of God in Feminist Theological Discourse (New York: Crossroad).Google Scholar
Julian of Norwich (1978) Showings (New York: Paulist Press).Google Scholar
McFague, Sallie (1987) Models of God : Theology for an Ecological, Nuclear Age (Philadelphia PA: Fortress Press).Google Scholar
Raphael, Melissa (2014) ‘A patrimony of idols: second-wave Jewish and Christian feminist theology and the criticism of religion’, Sophia, 53, 241–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruether, Rosemary Radford (1983) Sexism and God-Talk : Toward a Feminist Theology (Boston: Beacon Press).Google Scholar
Soskice, Janet Martin (1992) ‘Can a feminist call God “Father”?’, in Kimel, A. F. (ed.) Speaking the Christian God: The Holy Trinity and the Challenge of Feminism (Grand Rapids MI: Eerdmans), 8194.Google Scholar
Widdicombe, Peter (1994) The Fatherhood of God from Origen to Athanasius (New York: Clarendon Press).Google Scholar