We describe a survey of metal rich K-giants at the SGP, and show how they can be used as a simple isothermal tracing population to derive the local density of matter and the component of acceleration Kz perpendicular to the galactic plane.

The polarization properties of cylindrical magnetic accretion columns are calculated allowing for electron scattering within the emission region. The results are used to estimate the effects of electron scattering and geometry on the observed properties of AM Herculis type systems.

Following the ‘prompt’ radio outburst seen soon after the neutrino emission in SN 1987A (Turtle et al. 1987), we initiated a program to monitor the supernova at the Tidbinbilla Deep Space Communications Complex at 8.4 GHz in a search for radio emission from the expanding remnant. No radio emission has been detected to date (DOY 151, May 30 1988).

Spectrum analysis of video tapes of the Jupiter S bursts in the frequency range 8-24 MHz with a frequency resolution of 2 kHz and a time resolution of 0.5 ms has shown that many of the bursts with instantaneous bandwidths less than about 10 kHz and which appear single with lower resolution, are actually double in the frequency-time plane. The frequency interval between the two components varied from 6 kHz at 9 MHz to 10.5 kHz at 23 MHz, and the corresponding time intervals from 1.3 msec to 0.6 ms.

X-ray data show that substantial quantities of hot gas are cooling near the centres of many clusters and groups of galaxies. The existence of such cooling flows has been challenged because of the lack of evidence for star formation from the cooled gas. Spectra of cooling flow galaxies show filling in of the continuum shortward of the break at 4000 Å relative to normal elliptical galaxies. This is consistent with some continuing star formation. Extended regions of line emission are commonly associated with cooling flows. If the initial-mass-function of the newly formed stars which affect the 4000 Å break is like that which applies in the solar neighbourhood, then these stars can also power the line emission. The strength of the 4000 Å break is shown to correlate with the Hβ flux in the manner expected when this is the case. This allows us to esimate the star formation rate from the line luminosity.

The rate of star formation required to account for the line emission still falls well short of the rate at which gas is inferred to be cooling. It is argued that, nevertheless, the cooling gas is probably forming into stars. The overall initial-mass-function must be different from that which applies in the solar neighbourhood, but this should not be surprising given the different ambient conditions in a cooling flow.

The interpretation of the radio burst from SN 1987A as an expanding synchrotron source is briefly reviewed.

Hypervelocity impacts are considered to be the main mechanism for the production of craters on the surfaces of planets and moons. Two- and three-dimensional numerical simulations for the first few seconds of large-body impacts will be discussed. Both normal and oblique impacts will be considered, with particular emphasis being placed on the distribution of impact products.

Observational and theoretical constraints which apply to models of the precursor star before and at the time of explosion are presented. Stellar evolution sequences for the precursor star produced by various authors are described, and an attempt is made to define what these sequences tell us about the evolution of star of mass ∼ 20 M⊙.

A spectrum analyser based on SAW (surface acoustic wave) devices has been developed for Jupiter, solar and pulsar observations. It has an overall frequency range of 100 MHz and a frequency resolution of 30 kHz. A complete spectrum is produced every 80 μs. It is initially being used with a 4000 dipole broadband array in the frequency range 30-130 MHz and for Jupiter observations from 8-38 MHz.

Work is in progress on the extension of a detailed stellar structure code to explore a suggested solution to the Solar Neutrino Problem where the Sun has a small (∼0.01M⊙) high-Z core on entry to the ZAMS. A basic premise of such models is that the core will burn itself out by solar age and the model acquire a neutrino luminosity in line with that observed. The work to date has involved the construction of a standard solar model and, currently, the development of inhomogeneous models with associated adjustments to the structure equations.

A simple circuit has been designed for reading out at TV rate the two-dimensional CCD on the Automated Patrol Telescope. Because it is controlled by a programmable Cathode Ray Tube Controller integrated circuit it is very flexible and applicable to frame transfer CCDs having a wide range of formats.

The IUE observations of SN 1987A are presented and the most important results are briefly summarised. The photometric observations of SN 1987A are discussed in some detail in the context of the supernova energetics. Adding the information from spectroscopy and neutrino observations, it is concluded that SN 1987A is a ‘normal’ Type II explosion (i.e. core collapse of a massive star) with an unusually compact initial configuration, just as expected for the progenitor Sk −69°202.

It now appears almost certain that the precursor of SN 1987a was the brighter of the components of Sk-69 202, a blue supergiant, with a precursor mass of perhaps 12-16 solar masses. Prior to the explosion the precursor had a core mass of order six solar masses, and 0.1 to 0.2 solar masses of residual hydrogen envelope. The compact nature of this star can account for many of the odd features of the subsequent light curve and spectral evolution.

An analysis of the light curve and colour evolution shows four distinct epochs, which probably relate to the initial expansion of the fireball and the escape of shock-deposited thermal energy, the hydrogen-rich layers becoming optically thin, the exposure of the helium core, and the increasing transparency of the helium core.

The supernova appeared to be at its maximum on May 10, but is dimmer than a normal Type II because its light is apparently derived from recombinations and the radioactive decay of 56Ni to 56Co to 56Fe rather than by the thermal energy deposited by the passage of the shock.

Some special issues to which IUE observations have provided crucial insight are presented. The arguments leading to the definitive identification of Sk−69°202 as the progenitor of the LMC supernova are reviewed, and a preliminary determination of the reddening toward SN 1987A, based on the IUE spectra of stars 2 and 3, is discussed. Recent observations at the predicted position of the SN ultraviolet light echo are reported, and evidence, albeit circumstantial, is provided that a UV echo has been detected. Some consequences of this result are explored. The relevance of this observation lies in the fact that a UV echo, if really detected, would give direct information of the spectrum of the SN at the time of the shock breakout.

Model predictions of light changes due to non-radial stellar pulsation have been compared with the observations of light and colour changes in mid-B star variables made by Waelkens and Rufener (1985). It is concluded that these observations are consistent with the presence of low l (dipole and quadrupole) non-radial pulsations in the stars. This strengthens Waelkens and Rufener’s hypothesis that these variables may be identified with the 53 Persei stars. The differences between the model predictions for these large Q variables, which have periods in the 1 to 3 day range, and the predictions of small Q models, which apply to β Cephei variables, are explained.

The extensive body of broad-band photometric data for SN 1987A obtained at SAAO has been used to derive the bolometric light curve up to day 450 after the outburst. The salient features of the curve are discussed in this paper.

The Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope is being used in a continuing program of observation of known Southern active stars. By May, 1987, a total of forty-one stars had been observed and 843 MHz quiescent emission, presumably associated with the star, had been detected in nine instances. The emission from five of these stars has shown marked variation on a time-scale > 1 day.