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Risk factors for overweight among Brazilian adolescents of low-income families: a case–control study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2007

Daniela Silveira ,
José Augusto De Aguiar Carrazedo Taddei ,
Maria Arlete Meil Schimith Escrivão ,
Fernanda Luisa Ceragioli Oliveira  and
Fabio Ancona-Lopez
Daniela Silveira
Affiliation:
Discipline of Nutrition & Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Loefgreen 1647, 04040-032São Paulo, SP, Brazil
José Augusto De Aguiar Carrazedo Taddei*
Affiliation:
Discipline of Nutrition & Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Loefgreen 1647, 04040-032São Paulo, SP, Brazil
Maria Arlete Meil Schimith Escrivão
Affiliation:
Discipline of Nutrition & Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Loefgreen 1647, 04040-032São Paulo, SP, Brazil
Fernanda Luisa Ceragioli Oliveira
Affiliation:
Discipline of Nutrition & Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Loefgreen 1647, 04040-032São Paulo, SP, Brazil
Fabio Ancona-Lopez
Affiliation:
Discipline of Nutrition & Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Loefgreen 1647, 04040-032São Paulo, SP, Brazil
*
*Corresponding author: Email taddei.dped@epm.br or nutsec@yahoo.com.br
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Abstract

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Objective

To study risk factors for overweight among Brazilian adolescents of low-income families.

Design

Case–control study of obese and non-obese adolescents.

Setting

Anthropometric survey including 1420 students (aged 14–19 years) attending a public high school in São Paulo, Brazil.

Methods

Selection of 83 overweight (body mass index (BMI) >85th percentile) and 89 non-overweight (BMI >5th percentile and <85th percentile) subjects, frequency-matched by age, gender, pubertal development and socio-economic status. Among the nutritional, familial and behavioural data available, five covariates (parents' obesity, adolescents' past obesity, to have a best friend, dietary restriction and habit of napping) were included in the fitted hierarchical conditional logistic regression models.

Measurements

Parents or guardians and adolescents were weighed, measured and answered a pre-tested questionnaire applied by trained nutritionists and paediatricians.

Results

The prevalence of overweight was 15.2%. As previous risks, obese parents and obesity during infancy presented odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of 2.23 (1.15–4.35) and 3.60 (1.47–8.80), respectively. As concurrent factors, the habit of napping, to have a best friend and reported dietary restriction presented OR (95% CI) of 3.43 (1.32–8.92), 5.15 (1.76–15.07) and 7.26 (2.95–17.88), respectively. Dietary patterns, frequency of obesogenic foods and other physical activity indicators presented no statistical significance.

Conclusion

In case–control studies, OR may overestimate the true risks. Parents' obesity and previous childhood obesity were identified as risk factors; therefore these factors should be the target for preventive programmes and policies in order to prevent the burden of obesity in the near future.

Keywords

OverweightObesityRisk factorsAdolescentsCase–control study
Type
Research Article
Information
Public Health Nutrition , Volume 9 , Issue 4 , June 2006 , pp. 421 - 428
Copyright
Copyright © The Authors 2006

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