1.
Mozaffarian, D, Hao, T, Rimm, EB
et al. (2011) Changes in diet and lifestyle and long-term weight gain in women and men. N Engl J Med
364, 2392–2404.
2.
Summerbell, CD, Douthwaite, W, Whittaker, V
et al. (2009) The association between diet and physical activity and subsequent excess weight gain and obesity assessed at 5 years of age or older: a systematic review of the epidemiological evidence. Int J Obes (Lond)
33, Suppl. 3, S1–S92.
3.
World Cancer Research Fund & American Institute for Cancer Research (2007) Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity and the Prevention of Cancer: A Global Perspective. Washington, DC: American Institute for Cancer Research.
4.
Du, H, van der A, DL, Ginder, V
et al. (2009) Dietary energy density in relation to subsequent changes of weight and waist circumference in European men and women. PLoS One
4, e5339.
5.
Romaguera, D, Angquist, L, Du, H
et al. (2011) Food composition of the diet in relation to changes in waist circumference adjusted for body mass index. PLoS One
6, e23384.
6.
Sternfeld, B, Wang, H, Quesenberry, CP Jr
et al. (2004) Physical activity and changes in weight and waist circumference in midlife women: findings from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. Am J Epidemiol
160, 912–922.
7.
Walls, HL, Magliano, DJ, McNeil, JJ
et al. (2011) Predictors of increasing waist circumference in an Australian population. Public Health Nutr
14, 870–881.
8.
Rankinen, T, Kim, SY, Perusse, L
et al. (1999) The prediction of abdominal visceral fat level from body composition and anthropometry: ROC analysis. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord
23, 801–809.
9.
Elobeid, MA, Padilla, MA, Brock, DW
et al. (2010) Endocrine disruptors and obesity: an examination of selected persistent organic pollutants in the NHANES 1999–2002 data. Int J Environ Res Public Health
7, 2988–3005.
10.
Fogelholm, M, Anderssen, S, Gunnarsdottir, I
et al. (2012) Dietary macronutrients and food consumption as determinants of long-term weight change in adult populations: a systematic literature review. Food Nutr Res
56, doi:10.3402/fnr.v56i0.19103.
11.
Simonsen, MK, Hundrup, YA, Gronbaek, M
et al. (2008) A prospective study of the association between weight changes and self-rated health. BMC Womens Health
8, 13.
12.
Manson, JE, Bassuk, SS, Hu, FB
et al. (2007) Estimating the number of deaths due to obesity: can the divergent findings be reconciled?
J Womens Health (Larchmt)
16, 168–176.
13.
Giles, GG & English, DR (2002) The Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study. IARC Sci Publ
156, 69–70.
14.
Lohman, TG, Roche, AF & Martorell, R (editors) (1988) Anthropometric Standardization Reference Manual. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Books.
15.
MacInnis, RJ, English, DR, Gertig, DM
et al. (2003) Body size and composition and prostate cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
12, 1417–1421.
16.
Australian Bureau of Statistics (1996) Index of Relative Socio-economic Advantage and Disadvantage. ABS Catalogue no. 2033.0.55.001. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia.
17.
National Heart Foundation of Australia & Australian Institute of Health (1991) Risk Factor Prevalence Study: Survey No. 3 1989, Cities Analysis. Canberra: National Heart Foundation of Australia and Australian Institute of Health.
18.
Ireland, P, Jolley, D, Giles, G
et al. (1994) Development of the Melbourne FFQ: a food frequency questionnaire for use in an Australian prospective study involving an ethnically diverse cohort. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr
3, 19–31.
19.
Hodge, A, Patterson, AJ, Brown, WJ
et al. (2000) The Anti Cancer Council of Victoria FFQ: relative validity of nutrient intakes compared with weighed food records in young to middle-aged women in a study of iron supplementation. Aust N Z J Public Health
24, 576–583.
20.
Holland, B, Welch, AA, Unwin, ID
et al. (editors) (1991) McCance and Widdowson's The Composition of Foods, 5th ed. Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry and Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food.
21.
Shahar, E & Shahar, DJ (2012) Causal diagrams and change variables. J Eval Clin Pract
18, 143–148.
22.
Willett, W (1998) Nutritional Epidemiology, 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press.
23.
Ball, K, Crawford, D, Ireland, P
et al. (2003) Patterns and demographic predictors of 5-year weight change in a multi-ethnic cohort of men and women in Australia. Public Health Nutr
6, 269–281.
24.
Ellaway, A, Anderson, A & Macintyre, S (1997) Does area of residence affect body size and shape?
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord
21, 304–308.
25.
Giskes, K, van Lenthe, F, Avendano-Pabon, M
et al. (2011) A systematic review of environmental factors and obesogenic dietary intakes among adults: are we getting closer to understanding obesogenic environments?
Obes Rev
12, e95–e106.
26.
National Preventative Health Taskforce (2009) Obesity in Australia: A Need for Urgent Action. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia.
27.
Kouvonen, A, Stafford, M, De Vogli, R
et al. (2011) Negative aspects of close relationships as a predictor of increased body mass index and waist circumference: the Whitehall II study. Am J Public Health
101, 1474–1480.
28.
Despres, JP, Lemieux, I, Bergeron, J
et al. (2008) Abdominal obesity and the metabolic syndrome: contribution to global cardiometabolic risk. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol
28, 1039–1049.
29.
Ekelund, U, Besson, H, Luan, J
et al. (2011) Physical activity and gain in abdominal adiposity and body weight: prospective cohort study in 288,498 men and women. Am J Clin Nutr
93, 826–835.
30.
Koh-Banerjee, P, Chu, NF, Spiegelman, D
et al. (2003) Prospective study of the association of changes in dietary intake, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and smoking with 9-y gain in waist circumference among 16 587 US men. Am J Clin Nutr
78, 719–727.
31.
Sherwood, NE, Jeffery, RW, French, SA
et al. (2000) Predictors of weight gain in the Pound of Prevention study. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord
24, 395–403.
32.
Mosca, CL, Marshall, JA, Grunwald, GK
et al. (2004) Insulin resistance as a modifier of the relationship between dietary fat intake and weight gain. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord
28, 803–812.
33.
Hu, FB, Li, TY, Colditz, GA
et al. (2003) Television watching and other sedentary behaviors in relation to risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in women. JAMA
289, 1785–1791.
34.
Halkjaer, J, Sorensen, TI, Tjonneland, A
et al. (2004) Food and drinking patterns as predictors of 6-year BMI-adjusted changes in waist circumference. Br J Nutr
92, 735–748.
35.
Newby, PK, Muller, D, Hallfrisch, J
et al. (2003) Dietary patterns and changes in body mass index and waist circumference in adults. Am J Clin Nutr
77, 1417–1425.
36.
Vainio, H & Bianchini, F (editors) (2002) IARC Handbooks of Cancer Prevention. vol. 6: Weight Control and Physical Activity. Lyon: IARC Press.
37.
Seidell, JC (1998) Dietary fat and obesity: an epidemiologic perspective. Am J Clin Nutr
67, 3 Suppl., 546S–550S.
38.
Colditz, GA, Willett, WC, Stampfer, MJ
et al. (1990) Patterns of weight change and their relation to diet in a cohort of healthy women. Am J Clin Nutr
51, 1100–1105.
39.
Ludwig, DS, Pereira, MA, Kroenke, CH
et al. (1999) Dietary fiber, weight gain, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in young adults. JAMA
282, 1539–1546.
40.
Coakley, EH, Rimm, EB, Colditz, G
et al. (1998) Predictors of weight change in men: results from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord
22, 89–96.
41.
Paddon-Jones, D, Westman, E, Mattes, RD
et al. (2008) Protein, weight management, and satiety. Am J Clin Nutr
87, issue 5, 1558S–1561S.
42.
Halkjaer, J, Tjonneland, A, Thomsen, BL
et al. (2006) Intake of macronutrients as predictors of 5-y changes in waist circumference. Am J Clin Nutr
84, 789–797.
43.
National Health and Medical Research Council (2003) Food for Health: Dietary Guidelines for Australian Adults. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia.
44.
Department of Health and Aged Care (1999) National Physical Activity Guidelines for Adults. Canberra: Australian Government.
45.
National Health and Medical Research Council (2009) Australian Guidelines to Reduce Health Risks from Drinking Alcohol. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia.
