Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-2xdlg Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-26T16:18:43.511Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Stone Axe Studies in Ireland

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 February 2014

Alison Sheridan ,
Gabriel Cooney  and
Eoin Grogan
Alison Sheridan
Affiliation:
Royal Museum of Scotland, Queen Street, Edinburgh EH2 1JD
Gabriel Cooney
Affiliation:
Department of Archaeology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4
Eoin Grogan
Affiliation:
North Munster Research Project, Discovery Programme, Dublin
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This paper starts by outlining the history of stone axe studies in Ireland, from their antiquarian beginnings to 1990. It then offers a critical review of the current state of knowledge concerning the numbers, distribution, findspot contexts, morphology, size, associated finds, dating and raw materials of stone axes. Having proposed an agenda for future research, the paper ends by introducing the Irish Stone Axe Project—the major programme of database creation and petrological identification, funded by the National Heritage Council, currently being undertaken by GC and EG.

Type
Research Article
Information
Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society , Volume 58 , Issue 1 , 1992 , pp. 389 - 416
Copyright
Copyright © The Prehistoric Society 1992

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Adkins, R. & Jackson, R. 1978. Neolithic Stone and Flint Axes from the River Thames. London: British Museum.Google Scholar
Agrell, S. O. & Langley, J. M. 1958. The dolerite plug at Tievebulliagh, near Cushendall, Co. Antrim. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 59 B, 94–127.Google Scholar
Anderson, J. B. 1984. Scandinavian Type Thick Butted Flint Axes in Britain: A Comparative Study. Unpublished M.A. Dissertation, Reading University.Google Scholar
Armstrong, E. C. R. 1918. Associated finds of Irish Neolithic celts. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 34 C (1917–1919), 81–95.Google Scholar
Becker, C. J. 1973. Studien zu neolithischen Flintbeilen. Acta Archaeologica 44, 125–86.Google Scholar
Bennett, S. A. & Bell, R. 1923. A recently discovered prehistoric site in County Antrim. Proceedings of the Belfast Naturalists' Field Club 8 (1922–1923), 242–55.Google Scholar
Bishop, A. C., Harrison, R. J., Kinnes, I. A. & Woolley, A. R. 1977. Jadeite axes in Europe and the British Isles: an interim study. Archaeologia Atlantica 2, 1–8.Google Scholar
Bonsall, C. (ed.) 1989. The Mesolithic in Europe: Papers Presented at the 3rd International Symposium, Edinburgh 1985. Edinburgh: John Donald.Google Scholar
Bradley, R. J. 1990a. The Passage of Arms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bradley, R. J. 1990b. Perforated stone axe-heads in the British Neolithic: their distribution and significance. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 9, 299–304.Google Scholar
Bradley, R. J. & Edmonds, M. 1988. Fieldwork at Great Langdale, Cumbria, 1985–1987: preliminary report. The Antiquaries Journal 68, 181–209.Google Scholar
Briggs, C. S. 1977. Stone axe ‘trade’ or glacial erratics? Current Archaeology 57, 303.Google Scholar
Briggs, C. S. 1985. Some problems of survey and study in prehistoric Ireland: highland and lowland distributions in central Ulster, c. 3600–1800 bc. In Spratt, D. & Burgess, C. (eds), Upland Settlement in Britain, 351–63. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports.Google Scholar
Briggs, C. S. 1986. Transported flint in Ireland: a charter of investigation for prehistory and geology. In Sieve-king, G. de G. & Hart, M. B. (eds), The Scientific Study of Flint and Chert, 185–90. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Briggs, C. S. 1988. Stone resources and implements in prehistoric Ireland: a review. Ulster Journal of Archaeology 51, 5–20.Google Scholar
Burl, A. 1976. The Stone Circles of the British Isles. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Case, H. J. 1973. A ritual site in north-east Ireland. In Daniel, G. & Kjaerum, P. (eds), Megalithic Graves and Ritual, 173–96. Copenhagen: Jutland Archaeological Society.Google Scholar
Chappell, S. J. 1987. Stone Axe Morphology and Distribution in Neolithic Britain. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports.Google Scholar
Claris, P. & Quartermaine, J. 1989. The Neolithic quarries and axe-factory sites of Great Langdale and Scafell Pike: a new field survey. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 55, 1–25.Google Scholar
Clarke, D. V. 1968. Two jadeite axes, and two arrowheads of Antrim porcellanite and Rhum bloodstone from Scotland. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 100 (1967–1968), 185–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clough, T. H. McK. & Cummins, W. A. 1979. Stone Axe Studies. London: Council for British Archaeology.Google Scholar
Clough, T. H. McK. & Cummins, W. A. 1988. Stone Axe Studies Volume 2. London: Council for British Archaeology.Google Scholar
Coles, J. M., Heal, S. V. E. & Orme, B. J. 1978. The use and character of wood in prehistoric Britain and Ireland. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 44, 1–45.Google Scholar
Collins, A. E. P. 1976. Dooey's cairn, Ballymacaldrack, Co. Antrim. Ulster Journal of Archaeology 39, 1–7.Google Scholar
Collins, A. E. P. 1978. Excavations on Ballygalley Hill, County Antrim. Ulster Journal of Archaeology 41, 15–32.Google Scholar
Collins, A. E. P. & Waterman, D. 1955. Millin Bay: A Late Neolithic Cairn in County Down. Belfast: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Cooney, G. 1985. Stone axes of County Louth: a first report. County Louth Archaeological and Historical Journal 21, 78–97.Google Scholar
Cooney, G. 1987. North Leinster in the Earlier Prehistoric Period. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, National University of Ireland.Google Scholar
Cooney, G., 1989. Stone axes of North Leinster. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 8, 145–57.Google Scholar
Cooney, G., Feehan, J., Grogan, E. & Stillman, C. 1990. An axe and an adze from Co. Tipperary with a preliminary list and distribution map of stone axes in Co. Tipperary. Tipperary Archaeological and Historical Journal 2, 197–203.Google Scholar
Corcoran, J. X. W. P. 1966. An adze and an axehead from Co. Wexford. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 96, 93–95.Google Scholar
Cummins, W. A. 1974. The Neolithic stone axe trade in Britain. Antiquity 48, 201–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cummins, W. A. 1978. Stone axe trade — or glacial erratics? Current Archaeology 61, 42–43.Google Scholar
Cummins, W. A. 1979. Neolithic stone axes: distribution and trade in England and Wales. In Clough, T. H. McK. & Cummins, W. A. (eds), 5–12.Google Scholar
Cummins, W. A. 1980. Stone axes as a guide to Neolithic communications and boundaries in England and Wales. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 46, 45–60.Google Scholar
Darvill, T. 1989. The circulation of Neolithic stone and flint axes: a case study from Wales and the mid-west of England. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 55, 27–43.Google Scholar
David, A. 1989. Some aspects of the human presence in west Wales during the Mesolithic. In Bonsall, C. (ed.), 241–53.Google Scholar
Davies, O. 1949. Excavations at the horned cairn of Ballymarlagh, Co. Antrim. Ulster Journal of Archaeology 12, 26–42.Google Scholar
Davies, O. & Paterson, T. G. F. 1937. Excavations at Clontygora Large cairn, Co. Armagh. Proceedings of the Belfast Natural History and Philosophical Society 1936–37, 20–42.Google Scholar
Dawson, J. 1951. The Brockley dolerite plug and the Church Bay volcanic vent, Rathlin Island, Co. Antrim. Irish Naturalists' Journal 10, 156–61.Google Scholar
de Valéra, R. 1965. Transeptal court cairns. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 95, 5–37.Google Scholar
de Valéra, R. & O Nualláin, S. 1964. Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland. Volume II: County Mayo. Dublin: Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Edmonds, M., Sheridan, J. A. & Tipping, R. in press. Survey and excavation at Creag na Caillich, Killin, Perthshire. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 122.Google Scholar
Edmonds, M. & Thomas, J. 1987. The Archers: an everyday story of country folk. In Brown, A. G. & Edmonds, M. (eds), Lithic Analysis and Later British Prehistory, 187–99. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports.Google Scholar
Elliott, K., Ellman, D. & Hodder, I. 1978. The simulation of Neolithic axe dispersal in Britain. In Hodder, I. (ed.), Simulation Studies in Archaeology, 79–87. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Eogan, G. 1983. Hoards of the Later Bronze Age in Ireland. Dublin: University College, Dublin.Google Scholar
Evans, E. E. 1938a. Doey's cairn, Dunloy, Co. Antrim. Ulster Journal of Archaeology 1, 59–78.Google Scholar
Evans, E. E. 1938b. Belfast, Co. Antrim. In Notes on excavations in Eire, England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales during 1938. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 15, 322.Google Scholar
Evans, E. E. 1944. Belfast: the site and the city. Ulster Journal of Archaeology 7, 5–29.Google Scholar
Evans, E. E. 1953. Lyles Hill. A Late Neolithic Site in County Antrim. Belfast: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Evans, E. E. 1975. An archaeological miscellany. Ulster Journal of Archaeology 38, 12–18.Google Scholar
Evans, E. E. & Davies, O. 1934. Excavation of a chambered horned cairn at Ballyalton, Co. Down. Proceedings of the Belfast Natural History and Philosophical Society 1933–1934, 79–104.Google Scholar
Evans, J. 1897. The Ancient Stone Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain. London: Longmans (2nd edn).Google Scholar
Evens, E. D., Grinsell, L. V., Piggott, S. & Wallis, F. S. 1962. Fourth report of the Sub-Committee of the South-Western Group of Museums and Art Galleries on the petrological identification of stone implements. Proceedings of the Pre-historic Society 28, 209–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ffrench, J. F. M. 1891. A flint celt from the County Carlow and a stone celt from the County Kildare. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 21, 342–43.Google Scholar
Flanagan, L. N. W. & Flanagan, D. 1966. The excavation of a court cairn at Bavan, Co. Donegal. Ulster Journal of Archaeology 29, 16–38.Google Scholar
Francis, E. L., Francis, P. J. & Preston, J. 1988. The petrological identification of stone implements from Ireland. In Clough, T.H. McK. & Cummins, W. A. (eds), 137–40.Google Scholar
Gardiner, J. 1984. Lithic distributions and settlement patterns in central southern England. In Bradley, R. J. & Gardiner, J. (eds), Neolithic Studies, 15–40. Oxford: British Archaeo-logical Reports.Google Scholar
Gardiner, J. 1990. Flint procurement and Neolithic axe production on the South Downs: a re-assessment. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 9, 119–40.Google Scholar
Gray, W. 1882. The character and distribution of the rudely-worked flints of the north of Ireland, chiefly in Antrim and Down. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 5 (1879–1892), 109–43.Google Scholar
Green, H. S. 1978. Late Bronze Age wooden hafts from Llyn Fawr and Penywyllt, and a review of the evidence for the selection of wood for tool and weapon handles in Neolithic and Bronze Age Britain. Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 28(1), 136–41.Google Scholar
Green, S. W. & Zvelebil, M. 1990. The Mesolithic colonization and agricultural transition of south-east Ireland. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 56, 57–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Groenman-van Waateringe, W. & Butler, J. J. 1976. The Ballynoe stone circle. Excavations by A. E. van Giffen 1937–1938. Palaeohistoria 18, 73–104.Google Scholar
Grogan, E. 1989. The Early Prehistory of the Lough Gur Region: Neolithic and Early Bronze Age Settlement Patterns in North Munster South of the River Shannon. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, National University of Ireland.Google Scholar
Grogan, E. & Cooney, G. 1990. A preliminary distribution map of stone axes in Ireland. Antiquity 64, 559–61.Google Scholar
Grogan, E. & Eogan, G. 1987. Lough Gur excavations by Sean P. Ó Ríordáin: further Neolithic and Beaker habitations on Knockadoon. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 87 C, 299–506.Google Scholar
Hartnett, P. J. 1954. Newgrange passage grave, Co. Meath. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 84, 181–82.Google Scholar
Hartnett, P. J. 1971. The excavation of two tumuli at Fourknocks (sites 2 and 3), Co. Meath. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 71 C, 35–89.Google Scholar
Hartnett, P. J. & Eogan, G. 1964. Feltrim Hill, Co. Dublin: a Neolithic and Early Christian site. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 94, 1–38.Google Scholar
Hencken, H. O'N. 1939. A long cairn at Creevykeel, Co. Sligo. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 49, 53–98.Google Scholar
Herity, M. 1974. Irish Passage Graves. Dublin: Irish Universities Press.Google Scholar
Herity, M. 1987. The finds from Irish court tombs. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 87 C, 103–281.Google Scholar
Herring, I. J. & May, A. McL. 1940. Cloghnagalla cairn, Boviel, Co. Londonderry. Ulster Journal of Archaeology 3, 41–55.Google Scholar
Hodder, I. & Lane, P. 1982. A contextual examination of Neolithic axe distributions in Britain. In Ericson, J. E. & Earle, T. K. (eds), Contexts for Prehistoric Exchange, 213–35. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Houlder, C. 1976. Stone axes and henge monuments. In Boon, G. C. & Lewis, J. M. (eds), Welsh Antiquity: Papers Presented to H. N. Savory, 55–62. Cardiff: National Museum of Wales.Google Scholar
Jope, E. M. 1952. Porcellanite axes from factories in north-east Ireland: Tievebulliagh and Rathlin. Parti. Archaeo-logical survey. Ulster Journal of Archaeology 15, 31–55.Google Scholar
Jope, E. M. 1966. An Archaeological Survey of County Down. Belfast: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Jope, E. M. & Preston, J. 1953. An axe of stone from Great Langdale, Lake District, found in County Antrim. Ulster Journal of Archaeology 16, 31–36.Google Scholar
Kavanagh, R. 1976. Collared and Cordoned Urns in Ireland. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 76 C, 293–403.Google Scholar
Keiller, A. 1936. Two axes of Presely stone from Ireland. Antiquity 10, 220–21.Google Scholar
Keiller, A., Piggott, S. & Wallis, F. S. 1941. First report of the Sub-Committee of the South-Western Group of Museums and Art Galleries on the petrological identification of stone axes. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 7, 50–72.Google Scholar
Knowles, M. C. 1904. Kitchen middens – Co. Clare. Journal of the Limerick Field Club 2, 35–42.Google Scholar
Knowles, W. J. 1893. Irish stone axes and chisels. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 3 (5th Series), 140–63.Google Scholar
Knowles, W. J. 1902. The fourth report on the prehistoric remains from the sandhills of the coast of Ireland. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 6 (1900–1902), 331–89.Google Scholar
Knowles, W. J. 1903. Stone axe factories near Cushendall, Co. Antrim. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 33, 360–66.Google Scholar
Knowles, W. J. 1906. Stone axe factories near Cushendall. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 36, 383–94.Google Scholar
Knowles, W. J. 1913 Prehistoric stone implements from the River Bann and Lough Neagh. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 30 C (1912–13), 195–222.Google Scholar
Livens, R. G. 1959. Petrology of Scottish stone implements. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 92 (1958–59), 56–70.Google Scholar
Lynch, A. 1986. Poulnabrone. Excavations 1986, 12.Google Scholar
Lynch, A. 1988. Poulnabrone – a stone in time. Archaeology Ireland 2, 105–107.Google Scholar
Lynn, C. 1974. The excavation of a ring-cairn in Carnkenny townland, Co. Tyrone. Ulster Journal of Archaeology 36–37(1973–74), 17–31.Google Scholar
Mc Vicar, J. B. 1982. The spatial analysis of axe size and the Scottish axe distribution. Archaeological Reviews from Cambridge 1(2), 30–45.Google Scholar
Mahr, G. 1937. New aspects and problems in Irish prehistory: Presidential Address for 1937. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 3, 261–436.Google Scholar
Mallory, J. 1985. Ulster archaeology in 1984. Ulster Journal of Archaeology 48, 1–4.Google Scholar
Mallory, J. 1990. Trial excavations at Tievebulliagh, Co. Antrim. Ulster Journal of Archaeology 53, 15–28.Google Scholar
Manby, T. 1974. Grooved Ware Sites in Yorkshire and the North of England. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports.Google Scholar
Manby, T. 1979. Typology, materials and distribution of flint and stone axes in Yorkshire. In Clough, T. H. McK. & Cummins, W. A. (eds), 65–81.Google Scholar
Marshall, J. 1988. Fieldwalking in North Antrim. Excavations 1988, 41–42.Google Scholar
May, A. McL. 1953. Neolithic habitation site, stone circles and alignments at Beaghmore, Co. Tyrone. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 83, 174–97.Google Scholar
Mithen, S. J., Reynolds, T. R. G. & Chinner, G. A. 1987. A porcellanite axe from Colonsay. Ulster Journal of Archaeology 50, 159–60.Google Scholar
Moore, C. N. 1979. Stone axes from the East Midlands. In Clough, T. H. McK. & Cummins, W. A. (eds), 82–86.Google Scholar
Morey, J. E. & Sabine, P. A. 1952. Porcellanite axes from factories in north-east Ireland: Tievebulliagh and Rathlin: Part II. A petrographical review of the porcellanite axes of north-east Ireland. Ulster Journal of Archaeology 15, 56–60.Google Scholar
Movius, H. L. 1942. The Irish Stone Age. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
O'Kelly, M. J. 1982. Newgrange: Archaeology, Art and Legend. London: Thames & Hudson.Google Scholar
O'Kelly, M. J., Cleary, R. M. & Lehane, D. (ed. O'Kelly, C.) 1983. Newgrange, Co. Meath, Ireland. The Late Neolithic/Beaker Period Settlement. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports.Google Scholar
Olausson, D. 1983. Lithic Technological Analysis of the Thin-butted Axe. Lund: Bloms Boktryckeri.Google Scholar
O'Laverty, J. 1857. Relative antiquity of stone and bronze weapons. Ulster Journal of Archaeology 5 (1st series), 122–27.Google Scholar
Ó Nualláin, S. 1972a. A Neolithic house at Ballyglass near Ballycastle, County Mayo. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 102, 49–57.Google Scholar
Ó Nualláin, S. 1972b. Ballyglass. Excavations 1972, 20–22.Google Scholar
Ó Nuallain, S. 1976. The central court-tombs of the north-west of Ireland. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 106, 92–117.Google Scholar
Ó Ríordáin, A. B. & Waddell, J. (eds) in press. The Funerary Bowls and Vases of the Irish Bronze Age. Galway: Galway University Press.Google Scholar
Ó Ríordáin, S. P. 1954. Lough Gur excavations: Neolithic and Bronze Age houses on Knockadoon. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 56 C, 297–459.Google Scholar
Ó Ríordáin, S. P. & O h-Iceadha, G. 1955. Lough Gur excavations: the megalithic tomb. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 85, 34–50.Google Scholar
O'Sullivan, M. 1986. Approaches to passage tomb art. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 116, 68–83.Google Scholar
Plunkett, T. & Coffey, G. 1898. Report on the excavation of Topped Mountain cairn. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 20 (3rdser, 4), 651–58.Google Scholar
Pollock, A. J. & Waterman, D. 1964. A Bronze Age habitation site at Downpatrick. Ulster Journal of Archaeology 27, 31–58.Google Scholar
Raftery, B. 1990. Trackways Through Time: Archaeological Investigations on Irish Bog Roads, 1985–1989. Dublin: Headline Publishing.Google Scholar
Raftery, J. 1944. A Neolithic burial in Co. Carlow. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 74, 61–62.Google Scholar
Raftery, J. 1951. Prehistoric Ireland. London: Batsford.Google Scholar
Raftery, J. 1961. National Museum of Ireland: archaeological acquisitions for the year 1959. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 91, 43–107.Google Scholar
Raftery, J. 1967. National Museum of Ireland: archaeological acquisitions for the year 1964. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 97, 1–28.Google Scholar
Raftery, J. 1968. National Museum of Ireland: archaeological acquisitions for the year 1965. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 98, 93–159.Google Scholar
Raftery, J. 1969. National Museum of Ireland: archaeological acquisitions in the year 1966. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 99, 93–115.Google Scholar
Raftery, J. 1970. Prehistoric coiled basketry bags. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 100, 167–68.Google Scholar
Raftery, J. 1971. National Museum of Ireland: archaeological acquisitions for the year 1968. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 101, 184–244.Google Scholar
Raftery, J. 1973. National Museum of Ireland: archaeological acquisitions in the year 1970. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 103, 177–213.Google Scholar
Ritchie, P. R. 1968. The stone implement trade in third-millennium Scotland. In Coles, J. M. & Simpson, D. D. A. (eds), Studies in Ancient Europe, 117–36. Leicester: Leicester University Press.Google Scholar
Ritchie, P. R. 1992. Stone axeheads and cushion maceheads from Orkney and Shetland: some similarities and contrasts. In Sharpies, N. M. & Sheridan, J. A. (eds), 213–20.Google Scholar
Ritchie, P. R. & Scott, J. G. 1988. The petrological identification of stone axes from Scotland. In Clough, T. H. McK. & Cummins, W. A. (eds), 85–91.Google Scholar
Ryan, M. 1980. An Early Mesolithic site in the Irish Midlands. Antiquity 54, 46–47.Google Scholar
Saville, A. & Sheridan, J. A., 1990. The Campbeltown flint hoard. Past 9, 4.Google Scholar
Scott, J. G. 1969. The Clyde cairns of Scotland. In Powell, T. G. E., Corcoran, J. X. W. P., Lynch, F. & Scott, J. G. (eds), Megalithic Enquiries in the West of Britain, 175–222. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.Google Scholar
Scott, J. G. 1973. Axeheads of Group IX from Kintyre, Argyll. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 39, 469–71.Google Scholar
SEARCH 1989. Sheffield Environment and Archaeology Campaign in the Hebrides. The Western Isles Project: 2nd Interim Report. Sheffield: Sheffield University Department of Archaeology & Prehistory.Google Scholar
Semenov, S. A. 1964. Prehistoric Technology. London: Cory, Adams & MacKay.Google Scholar
Sharpies, N. M. & Sheridan, J. A. (eds), 1992. Vessels for the Ancestors: Essays on the Neolithic of Britain and Ireland in Honour of Audrey Henshall. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Sheridan, J. A. 1985. The Role of Exchange Studies in ‘Social Archaeology’, with Special Reference to the Prehistory of Ireland from the Fourth to the Early Second Millennium b.c. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Cambridge University.Google Scholar
Sheridan, J. A. 1986a. Porcellanite artefacts: a new survey. Ulster Journal of Archaeology 49, 19–32.Google Scholar
Sheridan, J. A. 1986b. Megaliths and megalomania: an account and interpretation of the development of passage tombs in Ireland. The Journal of Irish Archaeology 3, 17–30.Google Scholar
Sheridan, J. A. 1992. Scottish stone axeheads: some new work and recent discoveries. In Sharpies, N. M. & Sheridan, J. A. (eds), 194–212.Google Scholar
Simpson, D. D. A. 1968. Food Vessels: associations and chronology. In Coles, J. M. & Simpson, D. D. A. (eds), Studies in Ancient Europe, 197–211. Leicester: Leicester University Press.Google Scholar
Simpson, D. D. A. 1989. The stone maceheads of Ireland: Part II. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 119, 113–26.Google Scholar
Simpson, D. D. A., Conway, M. G. & Moore, D. G. 1990. The Neolithic settlement at Ballygalley, Co. Antrim. Excavations 1989, interim report. Ulster Journal of Archaeology 53, 40–49.Google Scholar
Smith, W. C. 1963. Jade axes from sites in the British Isles. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 29, 133–72.Google Scholar
Stone, J. F. S. & Wallis, F. S. 1947. Second report of the Sub-Committee of the South-Western Group of Museums and Art Galleries on the petrological identification of stone axes. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 13, 47–55.Google Scholar
Stone, J. F. S. & Wallis, F. S. 1951. Third report of the Sub-Committee of the South-Western Group of Museums and Art Galleries on the petrological identification of stone axes. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 17, 99–158.Google Scholar
Sweetman, P. D. 1985. A Late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age pit circle at Newgrange, Co. Meath. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 85 C, 195–221.Google Scholar
Tauber, H. 1972. Radiocarbon chronology of the Danish Mesolithic and Neolithic. Antiquity 46, 106–10.Google Scholar
Tomkeieff, S. I. 1940. The dolerite plugs of Tieveragh and Tievebulliagh, near Cushendall, Co. Antrim, with a note on Buchite. Geological Magazine 77, 54–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Topp, C. 1962. The portal dolmen of Dromanone, Roscommon. Bulletin of the Institute of Archaeology, University of London 3, 38–46.Google Scholar
Wakeman, W. F. 1882. On some recent antiquarian discoveries at Toam and Killicarney, near Blacklion, in the County of Cavan. Journal of the Historical and Archaeological Association of Ireland 4 ser, 5 (1879-82), 193–200.Google Scholar
Waterman, D. 1975. A Bronze Age habitation site at Sheepland, Co. Down. Ulster Journal of Archaeology 38, 85–87.Google Scholar
Whelan, C. B. 1934. Studies in the significance of the Irish stone age: the Campignian question. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 42 C, 121–43.Google Scholar
Whelan, C. B. 1938. Studies in the significance of the Irish Stone Age: the culture sequence. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 44 C (1937–38), 115–37.Google Scholar
Whittle, A. W. R. 1977. The Earlier Neolithic of S. England and its Continental Background. Oxford: British Archaeo-logical Reports.Google Scholar
Whittle, A. W. R. 1988. Problems in Neolithic Archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Wilde, W. R. 1857. A Descriptive Catalogue of the Antiquities of Stone, Earthen and Vegetable Materials in the Museum of the Royal Irish Academy. Dublin: M. H. Gill.Google Scholar
Williams, B. B. 1986. Excavations at Altanagh, Co. Tyrone. Ulster Journal of Archaeology 49, 33–88.Google Scholar
Woodman, P. C. 1977a. Recent excavations at Newferry, Co. Antrim. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 43, 155–200.Google Scholar
Woodman, P. C. 1977b. Problems of identification of Mesolithic survivals in Ireland. Irish Archaeological Research Forum 4(2), 17–28.Google Scholar
Woodman, P. C. 1978. The Mesolithic in Ireland. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports.Google Scholar
Woodman, P. C. 1985. Excavations at Mount Sandel 1973–77. Belfast: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Woodman, P. C. 1987. The impact of resource availability on lithic industrial traditions in prehistoric Ireland. In Rowley-Conwy, P., Zvelebil, M. & Blankholm, H. P. (eds), Mesolithic Northwest Europe: Recent Trends, 138–46. Sheffield: Sheffield University Department of Archaeology & Prehistory.Google Scholar
Woodman, P. C. 1989. The Mesolithic of Munster: a preliminary assessment. In Bonsall, C. (ed.), 116–14.Google Scholar
Woodman, P. C. 1992. Excavations at Mad Mans Window, Glenarm, Co. Antrim: problems of flint exploitation in east Antrim. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 58, 77–106.Google Scholar
Woodman, P. C. & Griffiths, D. A. 1988. The archaeological importance of flint sources in Munster. Journal of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society 93, 66–72.Google Scholar
Woodman, P. C. & Johnston, I. in press. A petrological examination of some Mesolithic stone artefacts. Ulster Journal of Archaeology.Google Scholar
Woolley, A. R., Bishop, A. C., Harrison, R. J. & Kinnes, I. A. 1979. European Neolithic jade implements: a preliminary mineralogical and typological study. In Clough, T. H. McK. & Cummins, W. A. (eds), 90–96.Google Scholar