Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-pftt2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-17T13:20:04.227Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Borodino, Seima and their Contemporaries: Key Sites for the Bronze Age Chronology of Eastern Europe

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 May 2014

Marija Gimbutas
Marija Gimbutas
Affiliation:
Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The hoard from Borodino, north-west of the Black Sea, and the cemetery of Seima in central Russia are the best known names in the literature dealing with the Bronze Age of eastern Europe. On the alleged dates of Borodino and Seima the whole structure of the Bronze Age chronology of Russia and even Siberia is built.

Tallgren in his Pontide Préscythique (1926) and in his earlier publications dated the Borodino and Seima finds to the period from 1300–1100 B.C. This date was used by many other archæologists. Tallgren based his views on analogies between Borodino and Koban axes (Tallgren 1926, 140) which actually do not exist. Koban axes are different; they belong to the Koban culture of the early Iron Age in the central Caucasus around the end of the second millennium B.C. The Borodino hoard is definitely earlier than the Koban culture. Another indication of a more or less absolute date of the Borodino hoard is the similarity of the ornamental motifs executed on the Borodino pin with those on the gold buttons from Shaft-Graves Nos. IV and V of Mycenæ. This relationship was already indicated by Spitsyn (1916).

Type
Research Article
Information
Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society , Volume 22 , March 1957 , pp. 143 - 172
Copyright
Copyright © The Prehistoric Society 1957

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Adrianov, A. V. 1899. ‘Tomskii mogilnik (The cemetery of Tomsk),’ OAK, 99–111.Google Scholar
Aspelin, J. R. 1877. Antiquitès du Nord Finno-Ougrien, I. Helsinki.Google Scholar
Bader, O. N. 1953. ‘Kamskaia arkheologicheskaia ekspeditsiia v 1950 g. (The archæological expedition in the R. Kama Basin in 1950),’ KSIIMK, vyp. 49, 97–104.Google Scholar
Bader, O. N. 1954. ‘Kamskaia arkheologicheskaia ekspeditsiia. (The archæological expedition in the R. Kama Basin),’ KSIIMK, vyp. 55, 117–29.Google Scholar
Bader, O. N. and Sokolova, Z. P. 1953. ‘Stoianka Borovoe Ozero IV na Chusovoi. (The site Borovoe Ozero IV on the R. Chusovaia),’ SA, tom XVIII, 265–81.Google Scholar
Blegen, C. W. 1937. Prosymna. The Helladic settlement preceding the Argive Heraeum. I, II.Google Scholar
Bortvin, N. N. 1928. ‘The Verkhny-Kizyl find,’ ESA, vol. III, 123–31.Google Scholar
Childe, V. G. 1954. ‘The socketed celt in Upper Eurasia,’ Univ. of London. Institute of Archæology. 10th Ann. Rep.Google Scholar
Dobrovolskii, A. A. 1915. ‘Raskopki kurgana v predmiesti Odessy—Slobodka-Romanovka (Excavations of the burial mound in Slobodka-Romanovka, the suburb of Odessa),’ Zapiski Imp. Odesskago Obshchestva Istorii i Drevnostei, tom XXXII, 123–45.Google Scholar
Dullo, E. 1936. ‘Die kaukasischen Äxte der Bronzezeit,’ PZ, Bd. XXVII, 66–173.Google Scholar
Eding, D. N. 1937. ‘Idoly Gorbunovskogo torfianika (The idols from the peat-bog at Gorbunovo),’ SA, t. IV, 133–46.Google Scholar
Eding, D. N., 1940 a. ‘Novye nakhodki na Gorbunovskom torfianike (New finds from the peat-bog at Gorbunovo),’ MIA, vyp. I, 41–58.Google Scholar
Eding, D. N., 1940 b. ‘Reznaia skulptura Urala (Sculpture of the Urals),’ TGIM, vyp. X. Moscow.Google Scholar
Gimbutas, M. 1956. ‘The Prehistory of Eastern Europe. Mesolithic, Neolithic, Chalcolithic and Copper Age cultures in Russia and the Baltic area’. Bulletin No. 20 American School of Prehistoric Research, Peabody Museum, Harvard University.Google Scholar
Gorodtsov, V. A. 1916. ‘Kultury bronzovoi epokhi v srednei Rossii (Bronze Age cultures in central Russia),’ Otchet Istoricheskogo Muzeia za 1914 god. Moscow. Gosudarstvennyi Istoricheskii Muzei, 121–6.Google Scholar
Gorodtsov, V. A., 1928. ‘Galichskie klad i stoianka (The hoard and habitation site at Galich),’ RANION, vyp. III, 13–54.Google Scholar
Griaznov, M. P. 1941. ‘Drevniaia bronza Minusinskikh stepei. I. Bronzovye kelty (Early bronzes from the steppe of Minusinsk. I. Bronze celts),’ Gos. Ermitazh. Trudy Otdela Istorii Pervobytnoi Kultury, I, 237–71.Google Scholar
Iessen, A. A. 1951. ‘Prikubanskii ochag metalloobrabotki v kontse medno-bronzovogo veka (The centre of metallurgy in the R. Kuban area at the end of the Copper-Bronze Age),’ MIA, vyp. 23, 75–124.Google Scholar
Jettmar, K. 1950. ‘The Karasuk culture and its south-eastern affinities,’ BMFEA, vol. XXII, 83–126.Google Scholar
Kalinin, N. F. and Khalikov, A. KH. 1954. ‘Poseleniia epokhi bronzy v prikazanskom Povolzhie po raskopkam 1951–52 (Bronze Age sites in the Volga area near Kazan. Excavations of 1951–52),’ MIA, vyp. 42, 157–247.Google Scholar
Karlgren, B. 1945. ‘Some weapons and tools of the Yin Dynasty,’ BMFEA, vol. XVII, 101–44.Google Scholar
Karo, G. 1933. Die Schachtgräber von Mykenai. Munich.Google Scholar
Kiselev, S. V. 1928. ‘Liteinaia forma iz Sibiri (A mould from Siberia), RANION, vyp. III, 9–13.Google Scholar
Komarova, M. N. 1952. ‘Tomskii mogilnik, pamiatnik istorii drevnikh piemen lesnoi polosy zapadnoi Sibiri (The cemetery of Tomsk, a monument of the history of ancient tribes in the forest zone of western Siberia),’ MIA, vyp. 24, 7–51.Google Scholar
Krivtsov-Grakov, O. 1929. ‘Une trouvaille d'objets de l'âge du bronze dans la region du haut Tobol,’ ESA, vol. IV, 116–25.Google Scholar
Krivtsova-Grakova, O. 1949. ‘Besarabskii klad (The hoard of Bessarabia),’ Izdania GIM.Google Scholar
Krupnov, E. I. 1951. ‘Materialy po arkheologii Severnoi Osetii dokobanskogo perioda (opyt periodizatsii pamiatnikov epokhi eneolita i bronzy) (Materials concerning the archæology of northern Osetia of the Pre-Koban period. The experiment of the periodization of the Eneolithic and Bronze Age finds),’ MIA, vyp. 23, 17–75.Google Scholar
Kuftin, B. A. 1940. ‘K voprosu o rannikh stadiakh bronzovoi kultury na territorii Gruzii (Contribution to the problem of the Early Bronze Age in Georgia),’ KSIIMK, vyp. VIII, 5–35.Google Scholar
Kuftin, B. A., 1941. ‘Arkheologicheskie raskopki v Trialeti (Archæological excavations in Trialeti),’ Tbilisi.Google Scholar
Merpert, N. IA. 1954. ‘Materialy po arkheologii Srednego Zavolzhia (Material on the archæology of the middle Trans-Volga area),’ MIA, vyp. 42, 39–157.Google Scholar
Moora, H. 1932. Vorgeschichte von Estland. Tartu.Google Scholar
Morgan, H. 1901. Délégation en Perse. Vol. VIII.Google Scholar
Prokoshev, N. A. 1940. ‘Selische u der. Turbino (Habitation site near the village of Turbino),’ MIA, vyp. 1, 111–21.Google Scholar
Przeworski, S. 1932. ‘Znalezisko Kruhowickie (The Kruhowicze finds),’ Światowit, vol. 13, pp. 32–69.Google Scholar
Przeworski, S., 1933. ‘Zagadnienie wplywow bliskiego wschodu w kulturze Fatianowskiej Rosji środkowej (Das Problem der vorderasiatischen Einflüsse in der Fatjanowo-Kultur Central-Russlands),’ Swiatowit, vol. 15, 23–65.Google Scholar
Ravdonikas, V. J. 1940. ‘Neoliticheskii mogilnik na Onezskom ozere (A Neolithic cemetery in the Lake Onega)’ SA, t. VI, 46–62.Google Scholar
Rykov, P. 1927. ‘Die Chvalynsk Kultur der Bronzezeit an der unteren Wolga,’ ESA, vol. I, 51–84.Google Scholar
Puzinas, J. 1938. ‘Naujausiцjц proistoriniц tyrinéjimц; duomenys. 1918–38 (New data of the archæological work in Lithuania between 1918 and 1938),’ Senovê, IV. Kaunas.Google Scholar
Salnikov, K. V. 1952. ‘Kurgany na ozere Alakul (Burial mounds at the Lake Alakul),’ MIA, vyp. 24, 51–72.Google Scholar
Schaeffer, C. F. A. 1948. Stratigraphie comparé et chronologie de l'Asie Occidentale (IIIe et IIe millenaires). Paris.Google Scholar
Schmidt, A. V. 1927. ‘Die Ausgrabungen bei dem Dorf Turbina an der Kama,’ Anzeiger FUF, XVIII, 1–14.Google Scholar
Shtern, E. 1914. ‘Besarabskaia nakhodka drevnostei 1912 g (The Besarabian find of the ancient past in 1912),’ MAR, 34.Google Scholar
Sidorov, A. 1931. ‘Tüllenaxt von Ustsysolsk,’ ESA, vol. VI, 173–4.Google Scholar
Spitsyn, A. A. 1903. ‘Galichskii klad (The Galich hoard),’ RAO, t, V, 1, 104–10.Google Scholar
Spitsyn, A. A., 1916. ‘Borodinskii klad (The Borodino hoard),’ Sbornik Stateiv Chest Gr. Uvarovoi. Moscow.Google Scholar
Tallgren, A. M. 1911. ‘Die Kupfer- und Bronzezeit in Nord- und Ostruss land,’ SMYA, vol. 25.Google Scholar
Tallgren, A. M. 1915. ‘Ett viktigt fornfynd från mellersta Ryssland (An important find from central Russia),’ FM, vol. XXII.Google Scholar
Tallgren, A. M., 1916. Collection Zaoussailov. I, II, au Musée historique de Finlande à Helsingfors. I. Catalogue raisonné de la collection de l'age du bronze.Google Scholar
Tallgren, A. M. 1920. ‘Den äldsta östryska bronsåldern, Rig. Almgren Festkrift.Google Scholar
Tallgren, A. M., 1925. ‘The copper idols from Galich and their relatives,’ Studia Orientalia, I. Helsinki. 312–41.Google Scholar
Tallgren, A. M., 1926. ‘La Pontide Préscythique après l'introduction des métaux,’ ESA, vol. II.Google Scholar
Tallgren, A. M., 1931. ‘Zur Chronologie der osteuropäischen Bronzezeit,’ MAGW, Bd. LXI, 81–97.Google Scholar
Uvarova, Grafinia. 1900. ‘Mogilniki severnogo Kavkaza,’ MAK, tom VIII.Google Scholar
Wace, A. J. 1932. ‘Chamber tombs at Mycenæ,’ Archceologia, 82.Google Scholar
Zakharov, A. A., 1933. ‘Material for the archæology of the Caucasus. Anthropomorphic bronze statuettes,’ Swiatowit, t, XV, 65–115.Google Scholar
Zemliakov, B. F. 1932. ‘Negezhemskaia neoliticheskaia stoianka,’ Trudy Chetvertichnogo Perioda, 47–65. (Summary in German: ‘Der neolithische Siedlungsplatz von Negeschma’).Google Scholar