Hostname: page-component-6d856f89d9-xkcpr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-16T08:29:36.400Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Pathways to World Prehistory Presidential Address 1994

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 February 2014

David R. Harris*
Affiliation:
Institute of Archaeology, University College London, 31–34 Gordon Square, London WC1H OPY

Extract

Several previous Presidents, most notably Professor Sir Grahame Clark, have stressed in their presidential addresses the worldwide scope of our subject; but so far only one, my distinguished predecessor, Thurstan Shaw, has chosen to speak mainly about the prehistory of a non-European part of the world, in his case Africa (Shaw 1990). My aim today is to develop this theme by exploring three pathways to world prehistory: first, the pathway followed by the Society itself; second, the pathway that led humanity to people the world's continents; and third, the pathway that links prehistoric archaeology to the concerns of the modern world. This agenda may appear unrealistically ambitious for a short address, but, by briefly considering these three inter-twined pathways, I hope to show that the study of prehistory is not only worthwhile for its own sake, but that it also has direct relevance to the social and political problems of our late 20th century world.

On the occasion of our 50th Anniversary Conference, held in Norwich in March 1985, Grahame Clark described the eventful history of the Society, and that of its predecessor, the Prehistoric Society of East Anglia. He analyzed the trend in membership and publication that signalled the Society's transformation, from a local band of mainly amateur enthusiasts to a national society of professional and amateur prehistorians, with, increasingly, an international view of their subject (Clark 1985). The sub-title of Professor Clark's paper — From East Anglia to the World — neatly encapsulated this theme, which he illustrated by analyzing the geographical coverage of articles published in the Proceedings between 1911 and 1982: an analysis that brought up-to-date the earlier examination of publication trends that he had included in his own Presidential Address in 1959 (Clark 1959).

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Prehistoric Society 1994

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Allen, J. 1989. When did humans first colonize Australia? Search 20, 149155.Google Scholar
Allen, J. 1993. Notions of the Pleistocene in Greater Australia. In Spriggs, M., Yen, D.E., Ambrose, W., Jones, R., Thorne, A. & Andrews, A. (eds), A Community of Culture: the People and Prehistory of the Pacific, 139151. Canberra: Australian National University, Department of Prehistory, Research School of Pacific Studies (Occasional Papers in Prehistory 21).Google Scholar
Allen, J. 1994. Radiocarbon determinations, luminescence dating and Australian archaeology. Antiquity 68, 339343.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allen, J., Gosden, C., Jones, R. & White, J.P. 1988. Pleistocene dates for the human occupation of New Ireland, northern Melanesia. Nature 331, 707709.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Allen, J., Gosden, C. & White, J.P. 1989. Human Pleistocene adaptations in the tropical island Pacific: recent evidence from New Ireland, a Greater Australian outlier. Antiquity 63, 548561.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birdsell, J.B. 1977. The recalibration of a paradigm for the first peopling of Greater Australia. In Allen, J., Golson, J. & Jones, R. (eds), Sunda and Sahul: Prehistoric Studies in Southeast Asia, Melanesia and Australia, 113167. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Bowdler, S. 1977. The coastal colonisation of Australia. In Allen, J., Golson, J. & Jones, R. (eds), Sunda and Sahul: Prehistoric Studies in Southeast Asia, Melanesia and Australia, 205246. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Bowdler, S. 1990. 50,000 year old site in Australia — is it really that old? Australian Archaeology 31, 93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowler, J.M., Jones, R., Allen, H. & Thorne, A.G. 1970. Pleistocene human remains from Australia: a living site and human cremation from Lake Mungo, western New South Wales. World Archaeology 2, 3960.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowler, J.M., Thorne, A.G. & Polach, H. 1972. Pleistocene man in Australia: age arrd significance of the Mungo skeleton. Nature 240, 4850.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowler, J.M. & Thorne, A.G. 1976. Human remains from Lake Mungo: discovery and excavation of Lake Mungo III. In Kirk, R.L. & Thorne, A.G. (eds), The Origin of the Australians, 127138. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies.Google Scholar
Chaloupka, G. 1985. Chronological sequence of Arnhem Land plateau rock art. In Jones, R. (ed.), Archaeological Research in Kakadu National Park, 269280. Canberra: Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service (Special Publication 13).Google Scholar
Chapman, J. 1994. Destruction of a common heritage: the archaeology of war in Croatia, Bosnia and Hercegovina. Antiquity 68, 120126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chapman, R. 1985. The Prehistoric Society, prehistory and society. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 51, 1529.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chappell, J. 1974. Geology of coral terraces, Huon Peninsula, New Guinea: a study of Quaternary tectonic movements and sea–level changes. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 85, 553570.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chappell, J. 1983. A revised sea-level record for the last 300,000 years from Papua New Guinea. Search 14, 99101.Google Scholar
Chappell, J. 1993. Late Pleistocene coasts and human migrations in the Austral region. In Spriggs, M., Yen, D.E., Ambrose, W., Jones, R., Thorne, A. & Andrews, A. (eds), A Community of Culture: the People and Prehistory of the Pacific, 4348. Canberra: Australian National University, Department of Prehistory, Research School of Pacific Studies (Occasional Papers in Prehistory 21).Google Scholar
Childe, V.G. 1935. Changing methods and aims in prehistory. Presidential Address for 1935. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 1, 115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chippindale, C. 1994. Editorial. Antiquity 68, 19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, J.G.D. 1959. Perspectives in prehistory. Presidential Address. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 25, 114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark., G. 1961. World Prehistory: an Outline. Cambridge: University Press.Google Scholar
Clark., G. 1969. World Prehistory: a New Outline. Cambridge: University Press.Google Scholar
Clark, G. 1985. The Prehistoric Society: from East Anglia to the World. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 51, 113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coles, B. (ed.). 1992. The Wetland Revolution in Prehistory. Exeter: Prehistoric Society and Wetland Archaeology Research Project, University of Exeter, Department of History and Archaeology.Google Scholar
Coles, J. 1980. Presidential Address: the donkey and the tail. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 46, 18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cosgrove, R. 1989. Thirty thousand years of human colonization in Tasmania: new Pleistocene dates. Science 243, 17031705.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cosgrove, R., Allen, J. & Marshall, B. 1990. Palaeo-ecology and Pleistocene human occupation in south central Tas-mania. Antiquity 64, 5978.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cosgrove, R. & Jones, R. 1989. Judds Cavern: a subterranean painting site, southern Tasmania. Rock Art Research 6, 96104.Google Scholar
Dortch, C.E. 1977. Australia's oldest known ornaments. Antiquity 53, 3943.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gamble, C. 1993. Timewalkers: the Prehistory of Global Colonization. Stroud: Alan Sutton.Google Scholar
Gosden, C. & Robertson, N. 1991. Models for Matenkupkum: interpreting a late Pleistocene site from southern New Ireland, Papua New Guinea. In Allen, J. & Gosden, C. (eds), Report of the Lapita Homeland Project, 2045. Canberra: Australian National University, Department of Prehistory, Research School of Pacific Studies (Occasional Papers in Prehistory 20).Google Scholar
Golson, J. 1989. The origins and development of New Guinea agriculture. In Harris, D.R. & Hillman, G.C. (eds), Foraging and Farming: the Evolution of Plant Exploitation, 678687. London: Unwin Hyman.Google Scholar
Groube, L. 1989. The taming of the rain forests: a model for Late Pleistocene forest exploitation in New Guinea. In Harris, D.R. & Hillman, G.C. (eds), Foraging and Farming: the Evolution of Plant Exploitation, 292304. London: Unwin Hyman.Google Scholar
Harris, D.R. (ed.) 1994. The Archaeology of V. Gordon Childe: Contemporary Perspectives. London: University College London Press.Google Scholar
Hiscock, P. 1990. How old are the artefacts at Malakunanja II? Archaeology in Oceania 25, 122124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ignatiev, M. 1993. Blood and Belonging. London: BBC Books.Google Scholar
Irwin, G. 1992. The Prehistoric Exploration and Colonisation of the Pacific. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, R. 1973. Emerging picture of Pleistocene Australians. Nature 246, 278281.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jones, R. (ed.) 1985. Archaeological Research in Kakadu National Park. Canberra: Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service (Special Publication 13).Google Scholar
Jones, R. 1989. East of Wallace's line: issues and problems in the colonisation of the Australian continent. In Mellars, P. & Stringer, C. (eds), The Human Revolution: Behavioural and Biological Perspectives on the Origins of Modern Humans, 743782. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Jones, R. 1990. From Kakadu to Kutikina: the southern continent at 18,000 years ago. In Gamble, C. & Soffer, O. (eds), The World at 18,000 BP Vol. 2 Low Latitudes, 264295. London: Unwin Hyman.Google Scholar
Layton, R. 1992. Australian Rock Art: a New Synthesis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Lawson, A.J. (ed.). 1991. Essays in Palaeolithic Art. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 57(1).Google Scholar
Leewontin, R.C. 1982. Human Diversity. San Francisco: Scientific American Books.Google Scholar
Macintosh, N.W.G. 1971. Analysis of an Aboriginal skeleton and a pierced tooth necklace from Lake Nitchie, Australia. Anthropologie 9, 4962.Google Scholar
Mulvaney, D.J. 1962. Advancing frontiers in Australian archaeology. Oceania 33, 135138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mulvaney, D.J. 1964. The Pleistocene colonization of Australia. Antiquity 38, 263267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mulvaney, D.J. 1969. The Prehistory of Australia. London: Thames & Hudson.Google Scholar
Mulvaney, D.J. 1975. The Prehistory of Australia. 2nd, revised edition. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.Google Scholar
Mulvaney, D.J. & Joyce, E.B. 1965. Archaeological and geo-morphological investigations on Mt. Moffatt Station, Queensland, Australia. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 31, 147212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, R.G., Jones, R. & Smith, M.A. 1990a. Thermoluminescence dating of a 50,000 year old human occupation site in northern Australia. Nature 345, 153156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, R.G., Jones, R. & Smith, M.A. 1990b. Stratigraphy and statistics at Malakunanja II: reply to Hiscock. Archaeology in Oceania 25, 125129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, R.G., Jones, R. & Smith, M.A. 1990c. Early dates at Malakunanja II: a reply to Bowdler. Australian Archaeology 31, 9497.Google Scholar
Roberts, R. G., Jones, R. and Smith, M. A. 1994. Beyond the radiocarbon barrier in Australian prehistory. Antiquity 68, 611616.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, R.G. & Jones, R. In press. Luminescence dating of sediments: new light on the human colonisation of Australia. Aboriginal Studies. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies.Google Scholar
Roberts, R.G., Jones, R., Spooner, N.A., Head, M.J., Murray, A.S. & Smith, M.A. In press. The human colonisation of Australia: optical dates of 53,000 and 60,000 years bracket human arrival at Deaf Adder Gorge, Northern Territory. Quaternary Geochronology (Quaternary Science Reviews).Google Scholar
Rosenfeld, A. 1981. Excavations at the Early Man shelter. In Rosenfeld, A., Horton, D. & Winter, J. (eds), Early Man in North Queensland 5–34. Terra Australis 6. Canberra: Australian National University, Department of Prehistory, Research School of Pacific Studies.Google Scholar
Rosenfeld, A. 1993. A review of the evidence for the emergence of rock art in Australia. In Smith, M.A., Spriggs, M. & Fankhauser, B. (eds), Sahulin Review: Pleistocene Archaeology in Australia, New Guinea and Island Melanesia, 7180. Canberra: Australian National University, Department of Prehistory, Research School of Pacific Studies (Occasional Papers in Prehistory 24).Google Scholar
Rowlands, M. 1994. Childe and the archaeology of freedom. In Harris, D.R. (ed.), The Archaeology of V. Gordon Childe: Contemporary Perspectives, 3550. London: University College London Press.Google Scholar
Scarre, C. & Healy, F. (eds). 1993. Trade and Exchange in Prehistoric Europe. Oxford: Oxbow Books (Oxbow Monograph 33).Google Scholar
Schrire, C. 1982. The Alligator Rivers: prehistory and ecology in western Arnhem Land. Terra Australis 7. Canberra: Australian National University, Department of Prehistory, Research School of Pacific Studies.Google Scholar
Shaw, T. 1990. Bones in Africa. Presidential Address 1989. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 56, 110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, M. A. & Sharp, N. D. 1993. Pleistocene sites in Australia, New Guinea and Island Melanesia: geographic and temporal structure of the archaeological record. In Smith, M. A., Spriggs, M. & Fankhauser, B. (eds), Sahul in Review: Pleistocene Archaeology in Australia, New Guinea and Island Melanesia, 3759. Canberra: Australian National University, Department of Prehistory, Research School of Pacific Studies (Occasional Papers in Prehistory 24).Google Scholar
Stoneking, M. & Cann, R.L. 1989. African origin of human mitochondrial DNA. In Mellars, P. & Stringer, C. (eds), The Human Revolution: Behavioural and Biological Perspectives on the Origins of Modern Humans. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Stringer, C.B. 1989. The origin of early modern humans: a comparison of the European and non-European evidence. In Mellars, P. & Stringer, C. (eds), The Human Revolution: Behavioural and Biological Perspectives on the Origins of Modern Humans. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Thorne, A.G. & Raymond, R. 1989. Man on the Rim: the Peopling of the Pacific. Sydney: Angus & Robertson.Google Scholar
White, C. 1967. Early stone axes in Arnhem Land. Antiquity 41, 149152.Google Scholar
White, J.P., Crook, K.A.W. & Ruxton, B.P. 1970. Kosipe: a late Pleistocene site in the Papuan Highlands. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 36, 152170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wright, R.V.S. (ed.). 1971. Archaeology of the Gallus Site, Koonalda Cave. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies.Google Scholar