Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-rkxrd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-20T09:10:31.313Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Excavations at a Neolithic Causewayed Enclosure, Orsett, Essex, 1975

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 May 2014

David Buckley
Affiliation:
Archaeology Section, Planning Department, Essex County Council, County Hall, Chelmsford, Essex

Summary

The Causewayed Enclosure at Orsett, Essex, was trial trenched in 1975 to determine the state of site preservation and confirm its postulated Neolithic date and site sequence. The enclosure consisted of three incomplete circuits of discontinuous ditch with an associated timber palisade slot lying inside and concentric to the middle ditch. Within the interior was an oval post hole structure of a contemporary date. Quantities of Mildenhall style pottery and flint artifacts of the mid third millennium b.c. were recovered from the primary ditch silts and other features. A small quantity of Late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age wares came from the secondary ditch silts and the interior.

Later phases on the site were represented by unenclosed Early Iron Age occupation, a Middle Iron Age sub-rectangular enclosure and Saxon ring-ditch burials.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Prehistoric Society 1978

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Andersen, N. H., 1976. ‘Sarup. Keramikgruber fra to bebyggelsesfaser’, Kuml. 1976, 1146.Google Scholar
Avery, M. (forthcoming. ‘Excavations at Abingdon Causewayed Camp 1963–64’. In Case, H. and Whittle, A. (ed), Excavations in the Oxford Region 1950–1965, C.B.A. Research Reports forthcoming.Google Scholar
Bamford, H. M., 1976. ‘Briar Hill, First Interim Report, November 1974–March 1976’, Northants. Archaeol., 11, 511.Google Scholar
Barrett, J. C., 1975. ‘The Later Pottery: Types, Affinities, Chronology and Significance’. In Bradley, R. and Ellison, A., Rams Hill, B.A.R. 19.Google Scholar
Barrett, J. C., 1976. ‘Deverel-Rimbury: Problems of Chronology and Interpretation’. In Burgess, C. and Miket, R. (ed), Settlement and Economy in the Third and Second Millennia B.C., B.A.R. 33, 289307.Google Scholar
Barrett, J. C., forthcoming. ‘The Pottery’. In Gates, T., forthcoming.Google Scholar
Barton, K. S., 1962. ‘Settlements of the Iron Age and Pagan Saxon Periods at Linford, Essex’, Trans. Essex Archaeol. Soc. (3rd Series) 1, 57104.Google Scholar
Bingley, R., 1978. ‘A Neolithic site at Heath Place Farm, Orsett’, Panorama (Journal of the Thurrock Local History Society) 21, 3642.Google Scholar
Bishop, M. W., 1971. ‘The non-Belgic Iron Age in Surrey’, Surrey Archaeol. Collect. 68, 130.Google Scholar
Bradford, J. S. P., 1942. ‘An Early Iron Age Site at Allen's Pit, Dorchester’, Oxoniensia 7, 3660.Google Scholar
Bretz-Mahler, D., 1971. La Civilisation de La Tène I en Champagne (XXIII Supplément, Gallia).Google Scholar
Brewster, T. C. M., 1963. The Excavation of Staple Howe.Google Scholar
Briscoe, G., 1956. ‘Swale's Tumulus: a combined Neolithic and Bronze Age barrow at Worlington, Suffolk’, Proc. Cambridge Antiq. Soc. 50, 101–12.Google Scholar
Burchell, J. P. T. and Frere, S. S., 1947. ‘The Occupation at Sandown Park, Esher, during the Stone Age, the Early Iron Age and the Anglo-Saxon Period’, Antiq. J. 27, 2446.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buttler, W., 1938. Der Donauländische und der Westische Kulturkreis der jüngeren Steinzeit. Berlin.Google Scholar
Case, H., 1956. ‘The Neolithic Causewayed Camp at Abingdon, Berks.’, Antiq. J. 36, 1130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
C.B.A., , 1971. ‘Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates for Great Britain and Ireland’, British Archaeological Abstracts, Council for British Archaeology.Google Scholar
Clark, J. G. D. and Fell, C. I., 1953. ‘An Early Iron Age Site at Micklemoor Hill, Norfolk, and its Pottery’, Proc. Prehist. Soc. 19, 140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, J. G. D., Higgs, E. S. and Longworth, I. H., 1960. ‘Excavations at the Neolithic Site at Hurst Fen, Mildenhall, Suffolk,’ Proc. Prehist. Soc. 26, 202–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clarke, D. L., 1970. Beaker Pottery of Great Britain and Ireland. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Clarke, D. L., 1976. ‘The Beaker Network—Social and Economic Models’. In Lanting, J. N. and van der Waals, J. D. (ed), Glockenbecher Symposion: Oberried, 1974.Google Scholar
Close-Brooks, J., 1977. ‘Discussion of the Iron Age Pottery’. In Hanworth, R. and Tomalin, D. T., 1977, 3744.Google Scholar
Cotton, M. A. and Frere, S. S., 1968. ‘Ivinghoe Beacon, Excavation 1963–5’, Rec. Buckinghamshire 18, 187260.Google Scholar
Cunliffe, B., 1968. ‘Early pre-Roman Iron Age Communities in Eastern England’, Antiq. J. 48, 175–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cunliffe, B., 1974. Iron Age Communities in Britain. Routledge and Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Curwen, E. C., 1934. ‘Excavations in Whitehawk Neolithic Camp, Brighton, 1932–33’, Antiq. J. 14, 99133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Curwen, E. C., 1936. ‘Excavations in Whitehawk Camp, Brighton, third season 1935’, Sussex Archaeol. Collect. 77, 6092.Google Scholar
Dines, H. G. and Edmunds, F. H., 1925. The Geology of the Country around Ramford. Mem. Geol. Surv., Sheet 257.Google Scholar
Drewett, P., 1977. ‘The Excavation of a Neolithic Causewayed Enclosure on Offham Hill, East Sussex, 1976’, Proc. Prehist. Soc. 43, 201–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drury, P. J. and Rodwell, W. J., 1973. ‘Excavations at Gun Hill, West Tilbury’, Essex Archaeol. and Hist. 5, 48112.Google Scholar
Drury, P. J., 1978a. Chelmsford Excavations I: Excavations at Little Waltham, 1970–71, C.B.A. Research Report 26.Google Scholar
Drury, P. J., 1978b. ‘Little Waltham and pre-Belgic Iron Age Settlement in Essex’. In Cunliffe, B. and Rowley, T. (ed), Lowland Iron Age Communities in Europe, B.A.R. S. 48.Google Scholar
Dyer, J., 1976. ‘Ravensburgh Castle, Hertfordshire’. In Harding, D. W. (ed), Hillforts. Later Prehistoric Earth-works in Britain and Ireland, 153–9. Academic Press, London.Google Scholar
Embleton, C. and King, C. A. M., 1968. Glacial and Periglacial Geomorphology. Edward Arnold.Google Scholar
Favret, P. M., 1936. ‘Les Nécropoles de Jogasses à Chouilly (Marne)’, Préhistoire 5, 24119.Google Scholar
Fell, C. I., 1952. ‘An Early Iron Age Settlement at Linton, Cambridgeshire’, Proc. Cambridge Antiq. Soc. 46, 3142.Google Scholar
Gates, T., forthcoming. ‘Excavations at Knights Farm, Berkshire’, Berkshire Archaeol. J.Google Scholar
Hanworth, R. and Tomalin, D. J., 1977. Brooklands, Weybridge: the Excavation of an Iron Age and Mediaevel Site 1964–5 and 1970–71, Surrey Archaeol. Soc. Res. Rep. 4.Google Scholar
Harding, D. W., 1972. The Iron Age in the Upper Thames Basin. Oxford.Google Scholar
Harding, D. W., 1974. The Iron Age in Lowland Britain. London.Google Scholar
Hartley, B. R., 1957. ‘The Wandlebury Iron Age Hillfort, Excavations of 1955–6’, Proc. Cambridge Antiq. Soc. 50, 128.Google Scholar
Hawkes, C. F. C. and Hull, M. R., 1947. Camulodunwn. Res. Rep. Society of Antiquaries.Google Scholar
Hawkes, C. F. C., 1962. ‘Early Iron Age Pottery from Linford, Essex’. In Barton, K. S., 1962, 83–7.Google Scholar
Hedges, J. D., 1977, quoted in Selkirk, A., ‘Causewayed Camps’, Curr. Archaeol. 58, 338.Google Scholar
Hedges, J. D., 1979, forthcoming. ‘The Neolithic in Essex’. In Buckley, D. G. (ed) Archaeology in Essex to 1500 A.D., C.B.A. Research Report.Google Scholar
Hedges, J. D. and Buckley, D. G., forthcoming. ‘Excavations at Orsett, Essex’, Mediaeval Archaeol.Google Scholar
Hingst, H., 1971. ‘Ein befestigtes Dorf aus Jungsteinzeit in Budelsdorf (Holstein)’, Archäol. Korrespond. 1, 191–4.Google Scholar
Hodson, F. R., 1962. ‘Some Pottery from Eastbourne, the “Marnians” and the pre-Roman Iron Age in Southern England’, Proc. Prehist. Soc. 28, 140–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Houlder, C. H., 1963. ‘A Neolithic Settlement on Hazard Hill, Totnes’, Proc. Devon Arch. Explor. Soc. 21, 231.Google Scholar
Hubert, F., 1971a. ‘Fosses Néolithiques à Spiennes’, Arch. Belg., 136.Google Scholar
Hubert, F., 1971b. ‘Neue Ausgrabungen im Michelsberger Erdwerk in Boitsfort (Belgien)’, Germania 49, 214–8.Google Scholar
Jones, M. U. and Catton, J., 1971. ‘Cropmarks recorded in 1970’, Panorama (Journal of the Thurrock Local History Society) 14, 3842.Google Scholar
Jones, M. U., 1974. ‘Excavations at Mucking, Essex: a Second Interim Report’, Antiquity 44, 183–99.Google Scholar
Jones, M. U. and Jones, W. T., 1975. ‘The Cropmark Sites at Mucking, Essex’. In Bruce-Mitford, R. (ed), Recent Archaeological Excavations in Europe, 133–87.Google Scholar
Jones, M. U., 1978. ‘Roughground, Lechlade and Mucking, Essex’. In Bowen, H. C. and Fowler, P. J. (ed), Early Land Allotment, B.A.R. 48, 171–73.Google Scholar
Lanting, J. N. and van der Waals, J. D., 1972. ‘British Beakers as seen from the Continent’, Helinium 12, 2046.Google Scholar
Leeds, E. T., 1927. ‘A Neolithic Site at Abingdon, Berks.’, Antiq. J. 7, 438–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leeds, E. T., 1928. ‘A Neolithic Site at Abingdon, Berks. (Second Report)’, Antiq. J. 8, 461–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lehner, H., 1910. ‘Die Festungsbau der jüngeren Steinzeit’, Prähist. Zeitschrift 2, 123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liddell, D. M., 1930. ‘Report on the Excavations at Hembury Fort, Devon, 1930’, Proc. Devon Arch. Explor. Soc., I, 4062.Google Scholar
Liddell, D. M., 1931. ‘Report on the Excavations at Hembury Fort, Devon, Second Season, 1931’, Proc. Devon Arch. Explor. Soc., I, 90119.Google Scholar
Liddell, D. M., 1932. ‘Report on the Excavations at Hembury Fort, Devon, Third Season, 1932’, Proc. Devon Arch. Explor. Soc., I, 162190.Google Scholar
Liddell, D. M., 1935. ‘Report on the Excavations at Hembury Fort, Devon, Fourth and Fifth Seasons, 1934 and 1935’, Proc Devon Arch. Explor. Soc., II, 134–75.Google Scholar
Longley, D., forthcoming. The Excavation of a Late Bronze Age Site at Runnymede Bridge, Surrey, Surrey Archaeol. Soc. Res. Rep.Google Scholar
Longworth, I. H., 1961. ‘The Origins and Development of the Primary Series in the Collared Urn Tradition in England and Wales’, Proc. Prehist. Soc. 27, 263306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Longworth, I. H., Wainwright, G. J. and Wilson, K. E., 1971. ‘The Grooved Ware Site at Lion Point, Clacton’, Brit. Mus. Quart. 35, 93124.Google Scholar
Lowther, A. W. G., 1945. ‘Report on Excavations at the Site of the Early Iron Age Camp in the Grounds of Queen Mary's Hospital, Carshalton, Surrey’, Surrey Archaeol. Collect. 49, 5674.Google Scholar
McMaster, I., 1971. ‘Cropmarks: An Appeal for Conservation and Observation’, Colchester Archaeological Group Annual Bulletin 14, 320.Google Scholar
May, J., 1976. Prehistoric Lincolnshire. Lincoln.Google Scholar
Mercer, R., 1977, quoted in Selkirk, A., ‘Causewayed Camps’, Curr. Archaeol. 58, 335–40.Google Scholar
Mordant, D., 1977. ‘Noyen-sur-Seine, Habitat Néolithique de Fond de Vallée Alluviale’, Gallia Préhistoire 20, 229–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Musson, R., 1950. ‘An Excavation at Combe Hill Camp near Eastbourne’, Sussex Archaeol. Coll. 89, 105–16.Google Scholar
O'Connor, B., 1975. ‘Two Groups of Prehistoric Pottery from Kettleburgh’, Proc. Suffolk Inst. Archaeol. 33, 231–40.Google Scholar
Palmer, R., 1976. ‘Interrupted Ditch Enclosures in Britain: the Use of Aerial Photography for Comparative Studies’, Proc. Prehist. Soc. 42, 161–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Piggott, S., 1954. The Neolithic Cultures of the British Isles. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Piggott, S., 1973. ‘Causewayed Camps’, Victoria County History of Wiltshire, I, part 2, 293–9.Google Scholar
Robertson-Mackay, R., 1965. ‘The Primary Neolithic Settlement in Southern England: Some New Aspects’, Atti del Congresso Internazionale delle Scienze Prehistoriche e Protohistoriche, 319–23. Rome.Google Scholar
Rodwell, W. J., 1974. ‘The Orsett “Cock” Cropmark Site’, Essex Archaeol. and Hist. 6, 1339.Google Scholar
Rodwell, W. J., 1978. ‘Relict Landscape in Essex’. In Bowen, H. C. and Fowler, P. J. (ed), Early Land Allotment, B.A.R. 48, 8998.Google Scholar
Ross-Williamson, R. P., 1930. ‘Excavations in Whitehawk Neolithic Camp, near Brighton’, Sussex Archaeol. Coll. 71, 5796.Google Scholar
St. Joseph, J. K., 1973. ‘Air Reconnaissance: Recent Results 31’, Antiquity 47, 236–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Savory, H. N., 1937. ‘An Early Iron Age Site at Long Wittenham, Berks.’, Oxoniensia 2, 111.Google Scholar
Smith, I. F., 1965. Windmill Hill and Avebury. Oxford.Google Scholar
Spratling, M. G., 1974. ‘The Dating of the Iron Age Swan's Neck Sunflower Pin from Fengate, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire’, Antiq. J. 54, 268–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Toller, H. S., forthcoming. ‘Excavations at the Orsett “Cock”, Essex, 1976’.Google Scholar
Toller, H. S., forthcoming. ‘Excavations at Grey Goose Farm, Essex, 1976’.Google Scholar
Wainwright, G. J. and Longworth, I. H., 1971. Durrington Walls: Excavations 1966–68. Soc. Ant. Res. Rep. 29.Google Scholar
Wainwright, G. J. et al. , 1971. ‘The Excavation of a Late Neolithic Enclosure at Marden, Wiltshire’, Antiq. J. 51, 177239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wainwright, G. J., 1972. ‘The Excavation of a Neolithic Settlement at Broome Heath, Ditchingham, Norfolk’, Proc. Prehist. Soc. 38, 197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wainwright, G. J., 1973. ‘Prehistoric and Romano-British Settlements at Eaton Heath, Norwich’, Archaeol. J. 130, 143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whittle, A., 1977. ‘Earlier Neolithic Enclosures in North-West Europe’, Proc. Prehist. Soc. 43, 320–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, D. R., 1975. ‘Causewayed Camps and Interrupted Ditch Systems’, Antiquity 49, 178–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar