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Use of stable isotopes to study carbohydrate and fat metabolism at the whole-body level

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2007

Andrew R. Coggan
Andrew R. Coggan*
Affiliation:
Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, VA Medical Center (BT18GR), 10 N Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
*
Corresponding Author: Dr Andrew R. Coggan, fax +1 410 605 7913, email coggan@grecc.umaryland.edu
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Abstract

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The present review discusses the advantages and limitations of using stable-isotope tracers to assess carbohydrate and fat metabolism at the whole-body level. One advantage of stable-(v. radioactive-) isotope tracers is the relative ease with which the location of a label within a molecule can be determined using selected-ion-monitoring GC-mass spectrometry (SIM-GC- MS). This technique minimizes potential problems due to label recycling, allows the use of multiple-labelled compounds simultaneously (e.g. to quantify glucose cycling), and perhaps most importantly, has led to the development of unique stable-isotope methods for, for example, quantifying gluconeogenesis. However, the limited sensitivity of SIM-GC-MS sometimes requires that relatively large amounts of a stable-isotope tracer be used, thus increasing cost and potentially altering metabolism. At least theoretically, stable- (or radioactive-) isotope tracers can also be used in conjunction with indirect calorimetry to estimate utilization of muscle glycogen or triacylglycerol stores, thus potentially circumventing the need to obtain muscle biopsies. These calculations, however, require certain critical assumptions, which if incorrect could lead to major errors in the values obtained. Despite such limitations, stable-isotope tracers provide a powerful and sometimes unique tool for investigating carbohydrate and fat metabolism at the whole-body level. With continuing advances in availability, instrumentation and methods, it is likely that stable-isotope tracers will become increasingly important in the immediate future.

Keywords

Stable-isotope tracersExerciseLipolysis
Type
Meeting Report
Information
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society , Volume 58 , Issue 4 , November 1999 , pp. 953 - 961
Copyright
The Nutrition Society

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