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Survival of patients with Motor Neurone Disease (MND) following referral for nutritional assessment

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 January 2012

T. Gledhill ,
C. Ormerod ,
V. Lekharaju ,
A. Smith  and
P. Bliss
T. Gledhill
Affiliation:
University Hospital Aintree, Longmoor Lane, Liverpool L9 7AL, UK
C. Ormerod
Affiliation:
University Hospital Aintree, Longmoor Lane, Liverpool L9 7AL, UK
V. Lekharaju
Affiliation:
University Hospital Aintree, Longmoor Lane, Liverpool L9 7AL, UK
A. Smith
Affiliation:
University Hospital Aintree, Longmoor Lane, Liverpool L9 7AL, UK
P. Bliss
Affiliation:
University Hospital Aintree, Longmoor Lane, Liverpool L9 7AL, UK
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Abstract

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Abstract
Information
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society , Volume 70 , Issue OCE5: Malnutrition Matters, Joint BAPEN and Nutrition Society Meeting, 29–30 November 2011, Harrogate , 2011 , E315
Copyright
Copyright © The Authors 2012

Motor Neurone Disease (MND) is a neurodegenerative disease with a median survival of 4.32 years(Reference Czaplinski1). Poor nutritional status may reduce survival. There are no randomised controlled trials to indicate whether enteral feeding affords a survival benefit. However, a recent Cochrane review supports the recommendation by the American Academy of Neurology that a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) should be considered when there is symptomatic dysphagia or accelerated weight loss(Reference Katzberg and Benatar2).

We reviewed the records of patients with MND referred for nutritional assessment and obtained data on the decision for gastrostomy, mode of insertion and survival outcomes.

Thirty patients were referred for nutritional assessment between July 2009 and February 2011. Of these, we were able to review 27 outcomes of patients using hospital computer records and dietetic reviews.

BMI=body mass index, NIV=non-invasive ventilation

At review, 81.4% (22/27) were offered gastrostomy tube placement, of these 66% accepted (15/22). Of the patients who were not felt appropriate for gastrostomy tube placement, 3 were gaining weight and 2 were too unwell. Ten were listed for a radiologically inserted gastrostomy (RIG) and 5 patients were listed for a PEG. All patients offered a PEG had normal overnight oximetry and did not require NIV (non-invasive ventilation). Successful tube placement of was achieved in all patients with the exception of 1 RIG. This patient subsequently underwent a surgical jejunostomy. 1 patient had pain and pneumoperitoneum post RIG and was managed conservatively.

The results show high short-term mortality in patients with MND referred to the nutrition team, reflecting advanced disease when nutritional status deteriorates. Although numbers are small, the mean survival of those undergoing PEG was higher compared to RIG. This may be due to difference in respiratory function between the 2 groups. The high 30 day mortality in patients not offered a gastrostomy may reflect accelerated deterioration without adequate nutrition or advanced disease at initial review.

References

1.Czaplinski, A, et al. (2006) Slower disease progression and prolonged survival in contemporary patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: is the natural history of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis changing? Arch Neurol 63(8), p. 1139–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.Katzberg, HD & Benatar, M Enteral tube feeding for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011(1), p. CD004030.Google Scholar