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Preparing for inactivity: How insectivorous bats deposit a fat store for hibernation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 December 2008

John R. Speakman  and
Angela Rowland
John R. Speakman*
Affiliation:
Aberdeen Centre for Energy Regulation and Obesity, Department of Zoology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, UK
Angela Rowland
Affiliation:
Aberdeen Centre for Energy Regulation and Obesity, Department of Zoology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, UK
*
*Corresponding author: Professor John Speakman, fax +44 (0) 1224 272396. email J.Speakman@abdn.ac.uk
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Abstract

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During late autumn insectivorous bats must deposit a fat store to cover their energy demands throughout the period of hibernation, yet the density of aerial insects by this time has already declined from its peak in midsummer. Krzanowski (1961) suggested that bats are able to deposit a fat store by manipulating their energy expenditure; specifically by selecting cold roosting locations rather than warm roosts, and depressing their body temperatures during the day roosting period. It was hypothesized that these behavioural changes result in very low daily energy demands, and despite reduced food intake the animals are still able to gain body fat. We made several tests of this hypodiesis. First, we explored the thermo-selection behaviour of long-eared bats (Plecotus auritus) in the summer and in the pre-hibernal period. We found that in summer bats preferred temperatures of about 32–35° (about thermoneutral), but in the pre-hibernal period they preferred much colder temperatures of about 10°. Second, using open-flow respirometry we found that in the cold pre-hibernal bats entered torpor for an average of 14 h each day. Compared with bats held at 30° (that did not go torpid), the bats at 7° expended less energy. The extent of saving was sufficient to positively affect their mass balance, despite the fact that bats at lower temperature also had reduced digestive efficiencies. Our findings support the hypothesis that during the pre-hibernal period insectivorous bats manipulate their mass balance primarily by alterations in their energy expenditure, specifically utilizing energy-sparing mechanisms such as torpor.

Keywords

HibernationThermo-selectionTorporEnergy expenditureInsectivorous bats
Type
Nutrition and Behaviour Group Symposium on ‘The relationship between physical activity patterns and patterns of food, energy and nutrient intake’
Information
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society , Volume 58 , Issue 1 , February 1999 , pp. 123 - 131
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1999

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